Mexican archæology : $b an introduction to the archæology of the Mexican and Mayan civilizations of pre-Spanish AmericaJoyce, Thomas Athol
History
Mexican archæology : $b an introduction to the archæology of the Mexican and Mayan civilizations of pre-Spanish America
Joyce, Thomas Athol
Mayas -- Antiquities; Mexico -- Antiquities
public school or Calmecac. His legendary connection with Tezcatlipoca
is interesting. In one myth the two are mentioned as creating-gods, who
raised the heavens after they had fallen upon the earth at the end of
the last mythical period. In another they are shown as foes, and it is
Tezcatlipoca who by his machinations drives Quetzalcoatl from Tulan.
The latter story probably represents the retirement of the Toltec
before the advancing waves of Nahua migration. As might be expected,
Quetzalcoatl is closely associated with the peoples of the eastern
coast, he wears Huaxtec dress, and the Olmec are mentioned as his
children; further, he was worshipped at Tlaxcala and Uexotzinco, and
especially at Cholula, cities in which the Toltec at their dispersal
had settled in numbers. Cholula was in fact the centre of his worship
in later times, and his great pyramid there, greater even than that of
Uitzilopochtli in Mexico, was regarded with particular veneration by
the surrounding peoples, even by the Aztec conquerors. One legend makes
Quetzalcoatl the chief agent in the final creation of man. According to
this story he goes to the underworld to fetch bones; as he returns he
falls, the bones drop to earth and quails gnaw them. Finally Ciuacoatl
pounds them up and makes a paste from which men are formed. The same
myth shows him as the discoverer of maize, which was concealed in the
mountain Tonacatepetl. All the gods were searching for it, but the way
was known to the ants alone. Quetzalcoatl turns himself into a black
ant, and a red ant guides him thither, but the mountain is too heavy
to lift, so the god Xolotl (in his manifestation as Nanauatzin) splits
it open. This god Xolotl, who will be mentioned later, is closely
associated in dress and attributes with Quetzalcoatl, as also are the
octli-gods, and he is sometimes given as the hero of the creation-myth
quoted above. But the maize was not destined to remain the possession
of Quetzalcoatl, for it was stolen by Tlaloc, to whom since that time
it belongs. In many of the invocations given by Sahagun, Quetzalcoatl
is mentioned as a creator-god. A peculiar point in connection with
this deity is seen in the practice of professional thieves, who were
accustomed to make an image of Quetzalcoatl which they carried with
them when they set out to rob a house. The explanation may be sought
in the fact that the wind-god was naturally typical of mutability,
and so was patron of sorcery and might be supposed to aid the magical
precautions taken by robbers to cast sleep upon the inmates of the
house which they wished to attack, as related below. A peculiar legend
accounts for the feather-work garments and mask worn by Quetzalcoatl;
from two sources we learn that this god was extremely ugly, and one
of them adds that when Tezcatlipoca showed him his reflection in his
mirror, Quetzalcoatl was so ashamed that he adopted these aids to
concealment. The other states that his image was always kept covered.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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