Charles III. of Spain, 233; his successor, 233--Branciforte and the statue of Charles IV., 234--Napoleon invades Spain, 235--A change of government, 235--_Juntas_, 235--The Bourbons restored, 235--Iturrigaray and his administration, 236--Revolt in the air, 237--The policy of Spain, 237--Venegas, 237. XXV. HIDALGO 238-249 Birth and education, 238--Colegio de San Nicholas, 238--He takes orders, 238; life at Dolores, 240; bold schemes, 240--Ignacio Allende, 241; An important step, 241--The _Grito de Dolores_, 242--A new army, 242--Attack on Guanajuato, 243--A brave boy, 243--The new viceroy, 243--Hidalgo excommunicated, 244--Valladolid taken, 245--Monte de la Cruces, 245--The insurgents defeated at Aculco, 246--Hidalgo declared Generalissimo, 246--Battle of Calderon, 247--Capture and death of the chiefs, 248--End of the struggle for independence, 248. XXVI. MORELOS 250-257 Birth and family, 250--Morelia, 251--Muleteer and student, 251--Morelos joins Hidalgo, 251--Siege of Cuautla, 252--Acapulco, 252--First Mexican Congress, 252--Declaration of independence, 253--Attack on Valladolid, 253--Mishaps, 254--Morelos a prisoner, 254--Death of Morelos, 255; his character and aims, 255; his object achieved, 256. XXVII. YTURBIDE 258-271 The close of Calleja's administration, 258--The insurgents dispersed, 258--Apodaca and Guerrero, 259--Affairs in Spain, 259--Agustin de Yturbide, 260; early services, 260; meets Guerrero, 261--"Plan of Iguala," 261--The "three guaranties," 261--Advance of the insurgents, 262--The viceroy deposed, 262--A successful campaign, 263--O'Donojú, 263--Treaty of Cordova, 264--Yturbide enters the capital, 264--The Regency, 264--The Mexican Empire founded, 265--Work of the new government, 265--Second Mexican Congress, 265--Yturbide proclaimed Emperor, 266--Signs of dissatisfaction, 267--Santa Anna, 267--The Casa-Mata, 268--Yturbide banished, 268; his return to Mexico, 270; his execution, 270; character of Yturbide, 271. XXVIII. SANTA ANNA 272-280 A confused story, 272--Santa Anna, 273; his connection with Yturbide, 273--The Constitution, 273--"Guadalupe" Victoria, 273--Expulsion of the Spanish, 274--A presidential election, 274--Mutiny in the capital, 275--Colonization of Texas, 276--Pedraza, 276--A Spanish invasion, 277--Santa Anna made Commander-in-Chief, 277--Bustamente, 278--Guerrero betrayed and shot, 278--Santa Anna becomes President, 278--Farías, 279--Insurrection in Texas, 279. XXIX. STILL SANTA ANNA 281-289 Louis Philippe, 281--_Reclamacion de los pasteles_, 281--The French repelled, 281--Santa Anna's home, 282--Bustamente recalled, 282--Trouble again, 283--Mejia, 283--A revolution described, 284--Bustamente resigns, 288--Santa Anna triumphant, 288. XXX.