[Illustration] MEXICO; AZTEC, SPANISH AND REPUBLICAN: A HISTORICAL, GEOGRAPHICAL, POLITICAL, STATISTICAL AND SOCIAL ACCOUNT OF THAT COUNTRY FROM THE PERIOD OF THE INVASION BY THE SPANIARDS TO THE PRESENT TIME; WITH A VIEW OF THE ANCIENT AZTEC EMPIRE AND CIVILIZATION; A HISTORICAL SKETCH OF THE LATE WAR; AND NOTICES OF NEW MEXICO AND CALIFORNIA. BY BRANTZ MAYER, FORMERLY SECRETARY OF LEGATION TO MEXICO. IN TWO VOLUMES VOLUME II. HARTFORD: S. DRAKE AND COMPANY. MDCCCLIII. ENTERED according to Act of Congress, in the year 1850, by SIDNEY DRAKE, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of Connecticut. C. A. ALVORD, PRINTER 29 Gold-st., N. Y. CONTENTS. BOOK IV. CHAPTER I.--Absence of accuracy--Humboldt--Superficial extent of Mexican Territory--Physical structure of Mexico--Volcanic mountains--Climates--Tierras Templadas, Calientes, Frias--Political divisions and boundaries of Mexico--Old Spanish divisions--Provinces--Intendencies--States--Departments--North boundary--Present States and Territories--Rivers of Mexico--Rivers and Lakes of Mexico, 9 CHAPTER II.--Division of population--Whites--Indians--Africans--Leperos--Rancheros--Characteristics, Indifference, Procrastination--Females--Better Classes--Their social habits--Entertainments--Leperos--Their habits--Evangelistas--Thieving--The Ranchero--His character and habits--The Indian race--Agriculturists--Traditionary habits adhered to--Improvidence--Superstition--Drunkenness--Indian women--Servile condition--Local adhesiveness--Peonage--Whipping--Planter-life--Its solitude and results--Mülenpfordt's character of the Indians--Indian tribes and races in Mexico--Table of castes in Mexico, 22 CHAPTER III.--Population--Census--Tables of population--Relative division of races--Relative intellectual cultivation--Relative population in hot and cold districts, 41 CHAPTER IV.--Agriculture--Dry and rainy seasons--Irrigation--Yield of corn lands--Colonial restrictions--Colonial dependence--Bad intercommunication--Arrieros--Corn lands--Different kinds of corn in Mexico--Mode of cultivation--Production--various uses of corn--Banana--Mainoc--Rice--The olive--Vine--Chile pepper--tomato--Frijol--Maguey--Maguey estates--Making Pulque--Aloes--Cacti, 48