CHAPTER V.--Estates in the valleys of Cuernavaca and Cuautla--Mexican haciendas--Sugar regions--Coffee--Its yield--Tobacco--Orizaba--Chiapas, etc.--Indigo--Cotton--Manufactures encouraged in Mexico--No new agricultural population--New manufacturing population--Production of cotton--Vainilla--Jalap--Cacao--Cochineal--Its production and quantity--Silk--Fruits--Agricultural prospects--Grazing, and not an agricultural country, 62 CHAPTER VI.--Reflections on emigration--Advantages of America--Land and labor--Mines wrought by Aztecs--Mining districts and extent in Mexico--Errors as to early supply of metals from America--True period of abundance--Mines not exhausted--Condition--Families enriched--Effect of mining on Agriculture--Relative product of silver for ten years--Table of product--Yield of the mines since the Conquest--Coinage in 1844--Total coinage 1535 to 1850, 76 CHAPTER VII--Income of New Spain 1809--Expenses of New Spain 1809--Mineral productions--Military force--Agriculture--Manufactures--Commerce--Exports--Imports--Present commerce--Imports--Exports--Nineteen years trade between the United States and Mexico--Character of imports--Character of exports--Silver exported--Fairs in Mexico--The future prospects and position of Mexico--Not a commercial country--Railway from Vera Cruz to the city of Mexico, 93 CHAPTER VIII.--Disorder of Mexican finances--Enormous usury--Character of financial operations--Expenses of administrations--Analysis of Mexican debt--Comparison of income and outlay--Deficit, 107 CHAPTER IX.--Table of cotton factories in Mexico--Consumption--Production--Increase of factories--Day and night work--Deficit of material--Water and steam power--Mexican manufactures generally, 112 CHAPTER X.--The military in Mexico before and after the revolution--Confirmation of army--Its political use--Character of Mexican soldiers--Recruiting--Tactics--Officers--Dramatic character of army--Recriminations--Condition of the army at the peace--Army on the northern frontier--Military colonies--Character of the tribes--Fortresses--Perote--Acapulco--San Juan de Ulua--Re-organization of the army--Tabular view of men and Materiel--Navy--Extent of coast on both seas--Naval establishment--Vessels and officers--Expenses of war and navy, 116