CHAPTER XI--Relations between the Mexican church and the Pope--Clergy--Monks--Nuns--Monasteries--Convents--Wealth of the church--Ratio of clergy and people--High and low clergy--their history--vices--Monks--Rural clergy--Their character--Conduct of clergy, public and private--Missions in California--Mode of conversion--Monks in Mexico--Zavala's strictures--Pazo's strictures on South American clergy--Church in the United States and in Mexico--Constitutional protection of Catholicism--Duty of the church--Bulls--Paper money, 130 CHAPTER XII.--Various changes of the Mexican constitution--Present organization of the national and state governments--Constitution of 1847--Legislative and judiciary--National and state--Judiciary--Administration of justice--Civil and criminal process--Mal-administration of justice--Prisons--Crime--Accordada--Condition of prisons--Statistics of crime in the capital--Garrotte--Mexican opinions, 144 CHAPTER XIII.--What Mexico has done--Review of her conduct and character--Mexican opinions--Classes--Indians--Mestizos--Whites--Army--Church--Divisions of whites--want of Homogeneousness--Want of nationality and of a people--Remedies--Emigration--Religious liberty--political order--Labor, 155 BOOK V. CHAPTER I.--Division of Mexico into States--Eastern, western, interior--Yucatan--Boundaries, departments, population, districts, towns, parishes, productions, principal towns, islands, harbors--Chiapas--Boundaries, products, departments, towns, rivers, population--Remains in Yucatan and Chiapas--Discoveries of Stephens, Catherwood, Norman, etc.--Palenque--Uxmal--Yucatan calendar--Yucatan, Chiapan, Mechoacan, Nicaragua and Mexican months--Yucatese and Chiapan cycle--Yucatese and Mexican solar year--Differences--Yucatese months--Tabasco--Boundaries, rivers, lagune, inhabitants, productions, towns and villages, 165 CHAPTER II.--Boundaries of Vera Cruz--Rivers, lagunes, mineral springs, population, political divisions, productions, cattle, cities, towns--Vera Cruz--Its diseases--Meteorological observations at--Water fallen at Vera Cruz--Orizaba--Ascent of the mountain--Magnificent views--Difficulties--The crater extinct--Elevation of the mountain--Descent--Antiquities in the state of Vera Cruz--Ruins at Panuco, Chacuaco, San Nicolas, La Trinidad--Small figures--Papantla--Description of the pyramid--Ruins at Mapilca--Pyramid and temple at Tusapan--Isle of Sacrificios--Misantla--Remains near Puente Nacional--Tamaulipas--Boundaries, rivers, lagunes, climate, population, productions, towns--Antiquities of Tamaulipas--Topila--Rancho de las piedras--Sculpture--Remains, etc., etc. 183