Michael Faraday: Third Edition, with PortraitGladstone, J. H. (John Hall)
Science
Michael Faraday: Third Edition, with Portrait
Gladstone, J. H. (John Hall)
Faraday, Michael, 1791-1867
The peculiarity of his mind was indeed well known to himself. In a
letter to Dr. Becker he says: "I was never able to make a fact my own
without seeing it; and the descriptions of the best works altogether
failed to convey to my mind such a knowledge of things as to allow
myself to form a judgment upon them. It was so with _new_ things. If
Grove, or Wheatstone, or Gassiot, or any other told me a new fact, and
wanted my opinion either of its value, or the cause, or the evidence it
could give on any subject, I never could say anything until I had seen
the fact. For the same reason I never could work, as some Professors do
most extensively, by students or pupils. All the work had to be my own."
Thus we are told what took place "when Dr. Tyndall brought Mr. Faraday
into the laboratory to look at his new discovery of calorescence. As
Faraday saw for the first time a piece of cold, black platinum raised
to a dazzling brightness when held in the focus of dark rays, a point
undistinguishable from the air around, he looked on attentively,
putting on his spectacles to observe more carefully, then ascertained
the conditions of the experiment, and repeated it for himself; and now
quite satisfied, he turned with emotion to Dr. Tyndall, and almost
hugged him with pleasure."[23]
The following story by Mr. Robert Mallet also serves as an
illustration:--"It must be now eighteen years ago when I paid him a
visit and brought some slips of flexible and _tough_ Muntz's yellow
metal, to show him the instantaneous change to complete brittleness
with rigidity produced by dipping into pernitrate of mercury solution.
He got the solution, and I _showed_ him the facts; he obviously did
not doubt what he saw _me_ do before and close to him: but a sort of
experimental instinct seemed to require he should try it himself. So
he took one of the slips, bent it forwards and backwards, dipped it,
and broke it up into short bits between his own fingers. He had not
before spoken. _Then_ he said, 'Yes, it _is_ pliable, and it _does_
become instantly brittle.' And after a few moments' pause he added,
'Well, now have you any more facts of the sort?' and seemed a little
disappointed when I said, 'No; none that are new.' It has often since
occurred to me how his mind needed absolute satisfaction that he had
grasped a _fact_, and then instantly rushed to colligate it with
another if possible."
But as the Professor watched these new facts, new thoughts would shape
themselves in his mind, and this would lead to fresh experiments in
order to test their truth. The answers so obtained would lead to
further questions. Thus his work often consisted in the defeat of one
hypothesis after another, till the true conditions of the phenomena
came forth and claimed the assent of the experimenter and ultimately of
the scientific world.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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