Middle American Frogs of the Hyla microcephala GroupDuellman, William Edward
Science
Middle American Frogs of the Hyla microcephala Group
Duellman, William Edward
Frogs -- Central America; Hyla microcephala
| |(2950 |(116-135)|(0.07 |(0.04 | (396-477)
| | -3600)| | -0.09)| -0.07)|
----------------+--+---------+---------+---------+---------+--------------
The two subspecies of _H. microcephala_ agree closely in fundamental
frequency. There is considerable overlap, but the difference
between the means is significant at the 0.001 level of probability
(t = 4.2406). The call of _H. robertmertensi_ does not overlap that
of _H. sartori_ or either subspecies of _H. microcephala_ in this
parameter; but it does overlap that of _H. phlebodes_, although again
the difference between the means is significant at the 0.001 level
(t = 9.360). _Hyla phlebodes_ and _sartori_ have the lowest fundamental
frequencies, and there is some overlap, but here too the difference
between the means is significant at the 0.001 level (t = 4.923).
_Dominant frequency._--A dominant band of frequencies cuts across
the harmonics of the fundamental, obscuring the harmonic pattern and
generally shifting upward in frequency. The midpoint of this band is
measured at the terminal border as the dominant frequency. As with the
fundamental frequency, only the normal primary notes were utilized in
the comparisons (Table 5, Fig 8).
[Illustration: Fig. 7. Variation in the fundamental frequency of the
normal primary notes in the _Hyla microcephala_ group. The
horizontal lines = range of variation, vertical lines = mean,
solid bars = twice the standard error of the mean, and open
bars = one standard deviation. The number of specimens in each
sample is indicated in parentheses after the name of the taxon.]
The two subspecies of _H. microcephala_ agree more closely in this
parameter than in fundamental frequency. The overlap is great, but the
difference between the means is significant at the 0.001 level
(t = 3.658). The calls of both subspecies completely overlap that of
_robertmertensi_ in this parameter, but the difference between the
means is significant at the 0.001 level. The calls of _H. phlebodes_
and _H. sartori_ overlap considerably in this characteristic, although
the difference between the means is significant at the 0.001 level
(t = 7.504) (Fig. 9). The call of neither species overlaps those of
_H. microcephala_ and _robertmertensi_.
[Illustration: Fig. 8. Variation in the mid-point of the dominant
frequency band of the normal primary notes in the _Hyla
microcephala_ group. The horizontal lines = range of variation,
vertical lines = mean, solid bars = twice the standard error of
the mean, and open bars = one standard deviation. The number of
specimens in each sample is indicated in parentheses after the
name of the taxon.]
[Illustration: Fig. 9. Scatter diagram relating the dominant and
fundamental frequencies of the normal primary notes in the
_Hyla microcephala_ group. Each symbol represents a different
individual.]
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