Migration of Birds (1950)Lincoln, Frederick Charles
Science
Migration of Birds (1950)
Lincoln, Frederick Charles
Birds; Birds -- Migration
It seems more likely that migrations are performed in a leisurely
manner, and that after a flight of a few hours the birds pause to
feed and rest for one or several days, particularly if they find
themselves in congenial surroundings. Some indication of this is
found in the records of banded birds, particularly waterfowl.
Considering only the shortest intervals that have elapsed between
banding in the North and recovery in southern regions, it is found
that usually a month or more is taken to cover an air-line distance
of a thousand miles. For example, a black duck banded at Lake Scugog,
Ontario, was killed 12 days later at Vicksburg, Miss. If the bird was
taken shortly after its arrival, the record would indicate an average
daily flight of only 83 miles, a distance that could have been
covered in about 2 hours' flying time. Among the thousands of banding
records obtained in recent years, evidences of such rapid flight are
decidedly scarce, for with few exceptions all thousand-mile flights
have required 2 to 4 weeks or more. Among sportsmen, the blue-winged
teal is well known as a fast-flying duck and quite a few of these
banded on Canadian breeding grounds have covered 2,300 to 3,000 miles
in a 30-day period. Nevertheless, the majority of those that have
traveled to South America were not recovered in that region until
2 or 3 months after they were banded. Probably the fastest flight
over a long distance for one of these little ducks was one made by a
young male which traveled 3,800 miles from the delta of the Athabaska
River, in northern Alberta, Canada, to Maracaibo, Venezuela, in
exactly 1 month. This flight was at an average speed of 125 miles per
day. The greatest migration speed thus far recorded for any banded
bird is that of a lesser yellowlegs banded at North Eastham, Cape
Cod, Mass., on August 28, 1935, and killed 6 days later, 1,900 miles
away, at Lamentin, Martinique, French West Indies. This bird traveled
an average daily distance of more than 316 miles.
It seems certain that migratory journeys are performed at the normal
rate of flight, as this would best conserve the strength of the birds
and eliminate the fatigue that would result from effort required for
great speed. Migrating birds passing lightships and lighthouses, or
crossing the face of the moon, have been observed to fly without
hurry or evidence of straining to attain high speed.
The speed of migration also is demonstrated by the dates of arrival,
particularly during the spring movement. The Canada goose affords a
typical example of regular, but slow migration. Its advance northward
at this season is at the same rate as the advance of the season (fig.
4). In fact, the isotherm of 35° F. appears to be a governing factor
in the speed at which these geese move north, and over their entire
trip the vanguard follows closely the advance of this isotherm.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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