Migration of Birds (1950)Lincoln, Frederick Charles
Science
Migration of Birds (1950)
Lincoln, Frederick Charles
Birds; Birds -- Migration
Few species perform such regular migrations, many waiting in their
winter homes until spring is well advanced and then moving rapidly
to their breeding grounds. Sometimes this advance is so rapid that
the later migrants actually catch up with species that for a month or
more may have been pressing slowly but steadily northward.
One of the best examples of rapid migration is found in the
gray-cheeked thrush. This bird winters in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru,
Venezuela, and British Guiana and does not start its northward
journey until many other species are well on their way. It does not
appear in the United States until the last of April--April 25 near
the mouth of the Mississippi, and April 30 in northern Florida (fig.
5). A month later, or by the last week in May, the bird is seen in
northwestern Alaska, the 4,000-mile trip from Louisiana having been
made at an average speed of about 130 miles a day.
[Illustration: _Figure 4._--Migration of the Canada goose. The
northward movement keeps pace with the advance of spring, in this
case the advance of the isotherm of 35° F. agreeing with that of the
birds.]
Another example of rapid migration is furnished by the yellow, or
summer, warbler. Coming from the Tropics, the birds reach New Orleans
about April 5, when the average temperature is 65° F. Traveling north
much faster than does the season, they reach their breeding grounds
in Manitoba the latter part of May, when the average temperature is
only 47°. Encountering progressively colder weather over their entire
route, they cross a strip of country in the 15 days from May 11 to 25
that spring temperatures take 35 days to cross. This "catching up"
with spring is habitual in species that winter south of the United
States and in most of the northern species that winter in the Gulf
States. To this rule there appear to be only six exceptions--the
Canada goose, the mallard, the pintail, the crow, the red-winged
blackbird, and the robin.
[Illustration: _Figure 5._--Isochronal migration lines of the
gray-cheeked thrush, an example of rapid migration. The distance
from Louisiana to Alaska is about 4,000 miles and is covered at
an average speed of about 130 miles a day. The last part of the
journey is covered at a speed that is several times what it is in the
Mississippi Valley.]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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