[2] "La Vérité en Marche," by Émile Zola, Paris, 1901, p. 259. (Documents in the Dossier François Zola at the French War Office.) [3] "Trattato di Livellazione topografica," by Francesco Zola, Dr. in Math., Lieut., Padua, 1818. 8vo. [4] Funeral oration on F. Zola, by Maître Labot, Advocate at the Bar of the French Council of State. [5] Documents printed by the "Neue Freie Presse" of Vienna (No. 12,028, February 17, 1898) and quoted in "Le Père d'Émile Zola," by Jacques Dhur, Paris, 1899. [6] Baedecker's "Southern Germany and Austria," 1871. [7] "La Vérité en Marche," pp. 259, 280-282. [8] Probably in March, 1898. "La Vérité en Marche," pp. 251-253. [9] _Ibid._, pp. 277-279. [10] "La Vérité en Marche," pp. 264-266. [11] This idea has suggested itself to many people, and, curiously enough, is embodied in a five-act drama entitled "Fatalité," by M. Eugène Quènemeur, produced at Nantes in March, 1903, with Parisian artists in the chief parts. The play is a strange blending of François Zola's adventure and the Dreyfus case. [12] "Le Père d'Émile Zola," pp. 176, 177. [13] The birthplace also of the famous La Bruyère of the "Caractères," and of Francisque Sarcey, the eminent French critic. [14] At the time referred to, this house was No. 10 _bis_ (or as one would put it in England, 10 _a_) in the street. But owing to various changes it has become the only No. 10. M. Mongrédien's publishing business, and the offices of a popular weekly, "La Semaine illustrée," are now (1903) installed in the house, the accompanying view of which is from a photograph taken under exceptional difficulties (owing to the extreme narrowness of the street) by the author's friend, M. Auguste Waser, architect, of Paris. [15] See _post_, Appendix A. Declaration of the birth of Émile Zola. [16] Anatole France, October 5, 1902. II EARLY YEARS 1840-1860 François Zola in Paris--A rebuff and a success--Progress of his canal scheme--He is struck down by the "mistral" and dies--His obsequies and his grave--Difficulties of his widow and son--Lawsuits--Aix, a city of Philistines or of enlightenment?--Émile Zola, a spoilt child--His first schooling and first chums--He plays the truant--Declining family circumstances--Zola is sent to the Aix College--His many prizes, and his first literary attempts--The college and its masters--Zola, Baille, and Cézanne; their pranks and their rambles--The country round Aix--Zola's lines on Provence--He is influenced by Hugo and Musset--Ideal love: Gratienne and Ninon--Increasing family penury--Madame Zola seeks help in Paris--She is joined there by her son--Zola at the Lycée St. Louis--He is "ploughed" for a degree in Paris--His vacations in Provence--Early poetry--He is "ploughed" at Marseilles--His studies stopped--A gloomy outlook.