His portraits of men have a sort
of similarity; but it is the similarity not of a painting, but of a
bas-relief. It suggests a resemblance; but it does not produce an
illusion. Euripides attempted to carry the reform further. But it
was a task far beyond his powers, perhaps beyond any powers. Instead
of correcting what was bad, he destroyed what was excellent. He
substituted crutches for stilts, bad sermons for good odes.
Milton, it is well known, admired Euripides highly, much more highly
than, in our opinion, Euripides deserved. Indeed the caresses which
this partiality leads our countryman to bestow on "sad Electra's
poet" sometimes remind us of the beautiful Queen of Fairy-land kissing
the long ears of Bottom. At all events, there can be no doubt that
this veneration for the Athenian, whether just or not, was injurious
to the Samson Agonistes. Had Milton taken Æschylus for his model, he
would have given himself up to the lyric inspiration, and poured out
profusely all the treasures of his mind, without bestowing a thought
on those dramatic proprieties which the nature of the work rendered it
impossible to preserve. In the attempt to reconcile things in their
own nature inconsistent, he has failed, as every one else must have
failed. We cannot identify ourselves with the characters, as in a
good play. We cannot identify ourselves with the poet, as in a good
ode. The conflicting ingredients, like an acid and an alkali mixed,
neutralise each other. We are by no means insensible to the merits of
this celebrated piece, to the severe dignity of the style, the graceful
and pathetic solemnity of the opening speech, or the wild and barbaric
melody which gives so striking an effect to the choral passages. But
we think it, we confess, the least successful effort of the genius of
Milton.
The Comus is framed on the model of the Italian Masque, as the Samson
is framed on the model of the Greek Tragedy. It is certainly the
noblest performance of the kind which exists in any language. It is as
far superior to the Faithful Shepherdess, as the Faithful Shepherdess
is to the Aminta, or the Aminta to the Pastor Fido. It was well for
Milton that he had here no Euripides to mislead him. He understood and
loved the literature of modern Italy. But he did not feel for it the
same veneration which he entertained for the remains of Athenian and
Roman poetry, consecrated by so many lofty and endearing recollections.
The faults, moreover, of his Italian predecessors were of a kind to
which his mind had a deadly antipathy. He could stoop to a plain style,
sometimes even to a bald style; but false brilliancy was his utter
aversion. His muse had no objection to a russet attire; but she turned
with disgust from the finery of Guarini, as tawdry and as paltry as the
rags of a chimney-sweeper on May-day. Whatever ornaments she wears
are of massive gold, not only dazzling to the sight, but capable of
standing the severest test of the crucible.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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