Additional Note—Cf. the example in Csoma’s Grammar, p 109: གསེར་གྱི་ལྕགས་ སྒྲོག་, golden fetters or chains, lit.: golden iron ropes. See also Ramsay, ‘Western Tibet’, p. 62: ‘To hook—ngiákuk táng ches, properly applicable only to a fish caught with a hook, but also used generally’, and: ‘Hook—ngiákuk (fish hook), kuk kuk (a hook of any kind)....’ Query: Is the use of ལྕགས་ merely conventional in several words, as in ལྕགས་ཁྲ་, cage (Bell, Walsh ‘Tromowa Dialect’), ལྕགས་ཟམ་ (iron) bridge, etc.? And is the use of ལྕགས་ perhaps analogous to that of honorific prefixes? Cf. the Dutch guilder (gulden) which is made of silver, though its name is derived from ‘gold.’ ཀྱོ་བ་ see ཀྱུ་. དཀའ་བ་, 7. Difficult, but here rather with some of the meaning of the English ‘hard’ (hard lines?), the French ‘dur’, perhaps L. ‘arduus.’ The meaning is somewhat that the invocation should not be undertaken lightly (God’s name should not be spoken ‘in vain’). Conceptions like: grave, serious, weighty, not lighthearted, or commonplace, or flippant, suggest themselves here. It is ‘a serious matter’ to invoke these teachers. བཀའ་དྲིན་སེམས་པ་, 42. To think with kindness of or towards, or about (ལ་). སྐལ་ལྡན་, 11. We have taken this word in the general sense given by J. ‘the pious,’ though it may equally well be rendered by ‘the fortunate ones,’ i.e. those who were fortunate enough to hear Tsoṅ kʽa pa’s preaching or that of his two pupils. One of my informants suggests, however, that སྐལ་ལྡན་ should here be taken more literally as ‘sharers’, ‘share-havers’ in Tsoṅ kʽa pa’s message and consequently should here be understood as his ‘followers.’ སྐུ་གླུད་ see གླུད་. སྐེ་འཕྲེང་ see ཀྱུ་. སྐྱབས་རེ་ས་, 19. May either be taken as two separate words ‘protection and hope’ or as a compound ‘hope for protection,’ ‘protection-hope.’ More accurately ‘the spot (place = persons in this case) in whom I place my hope for protection, to whom I resort or go, in whom I trust, for protection.’ (cf. D. heul, toeverlaat). སྐྱིད་གླུ་ see མགུར་མ་. སྐྱེ་སྒོ་ see སྒོ་.