A compound, difficult to define exactly, is ཁྲེལ་གཞུང་མེད་ in which གཞུང་ has the meaning, not given in the Dicts. of straight, straightforward, honest, true, dependable, the French ‘droit’ (cf. rectitude). The whole expression may mean ‘abandoned,’ or simply ཁྲེལ་མེད་. Example ཁྲེལ་གཞུང་མེད་ པའི་མི་དེ་ཡི་ཚེ་དེ་དོན་མེད་རེད་, ‘the lives of these abandoned (shameless, etc.) men are useless.’ An old sweetheart who has cast off her lover may be called ཁྲེལ་གཞུང་མེད་ ‘the brazen, perfidious girl.’ Desg. gives གཞུང་ in this sense as equal to བཟང་, ‘good, just, generous.’ This may be Schmidt’s གཞུངས་པ་ ‘sincere, orderly.’ In the sentence ཕ་མ་ལ་སྐུ་དྲིན་འདི་འདྲ་ ལོག་པ་དེ་ཁྲེལ་མེད་ཀྱི་སེམས་རེད་, ‘to render your parents kindness in this way shows a lack of gratitude,’ my teachers explain the word as ‘ungrateful, loveless, harsh.’ As far as the further meanings of ཁྲེལ་, as given in J. (see above), are concerned, Pʽun Tsʽogs maintains that ཁྲེལ་སེམས་ཅན་ = ཆོས་སེམས་ཅན་, ‘pious,’ but Karma denies it, and the former also states that ཁྲེལ་ཡོད་པ་ = ཞེན་པ་ ལོག་པ་, which latter expression Desg. and S. Ch. D. know as ‘to be disgusted with.’ But J. and the others render the former expression with ཁྲེལ་, as ‘chaste’ or ‘modest,’ or as ‘to be chaste,’ etc. Both of my teachers are at one about the expression ཞེ་ཁྲེལ་བ་ ‘to be weary, tired, sick of.’ Examples: ལྟོ་ཆས་འདི་ལ་ཞེ་ཁྲེལ་སོང་, I am tired of this food. (ལྟོ་ཆས་, pr. tobché, see Henderson’s Manual, Voc., p. 48, s.v. food; there written ལྟོབ་ཆས་.) མི་འདི་ལ་ཞེ་ཁྲེལ་སོང་, ‘I have got tired of this man.’ The sentence ཆོས་ཐོས་པས་རྒྱུད་གྲོལ་ནས ། ཁྲེལ་ཡོད་ངོ་ཚ་ཤེས་ was explained to me as: Having understood the doctrine, and having been delivered (saved), I am now weary of the world, have renounced the world, know the world for vanity, have turned away from it. For J.’s ཁྲེལ་གད་, ‘scornful laughter’, the synonym ཁྲེལ་དགོད་ was given to me, as well as the explanation ‘a laugh to make the other feel ashamed,’ ‘to make another feel small.’ We may therefore think of ironic, sarcastic, malicious laughter, or of derision and Schadenfreude. ཁྲེལ་གད་རྒྱབ་པ་, to laugh at another, at the expense of another, in order to make him ridiculous. This word ཁྲེལ་ furnishes a very striking test of the present state of Tibetan lexicography, the word གདན་ will furnish another. For words like these a comprehensive collection of authentic illustrations is imperative before finer shades and the exact range of meanings can be fixed. ངོ་ཚ་, commonly translated as ‘shame,’ a synonym for ཁྲེལ་, is a similarly uncertain word. Compare the translations in J. and S. Ch. D. of this same sentence: ཁྲེལ་བ་དང་ངོ་ཚ་བ་མེད་, J.: ‘he has no shame nor dread’; S. Ch. D.: ‘he has no shame or modesty.’ ཁྲེལ་མེད་ see ཁྲེལ་བ་. ཁྲེལ་གཞུང་མེད་ see ཁྲེལ་བ་. ཁྲེལ་ཡོད་པ་ see ཁྲེལ་བ་. ཁྲེལ་སེམས་ཅན་ see ཁྲེལ་བ་. ཁྲོད་ see གངས་རིའི་ཁྲོད་འདི་ན་ and འབྲོག་. མཁྱེན་པ་ see མཁྱེན་བརྩེ་.