མཁྱེན་བརྩེ་, 55. J.’s queried མཁྱེན་བརྩེ་, quoted from Gyal-rabs: ‘prob.: omniscient-merciful,’ cannot with any certainty be decided from this passage. Desg. has མཁྱེན་བརྩེ༌ = ཐུགས་རྗེ་ = ‘knowledge of the heart, i.e. pity, mercy.’ S. Ch. D. ‘omniscient mercy.’ According to my teachers these are two different words here, knowledge and mercy; not a compound. མཁྱེན་པ་ is here hon. form of ཤེས་པ་ to know. But a subst. མཁྱེན་ is not recorded in the Dicts. Desg. has a མཁྱེན་པ་ = ཤེས་པ་ = རིག་པ་ ‘science, knowledge,’ and S. Ch. D. also gives མཁྱེན་པ་ as ‘knowledge.’ In compounds མཁྱེན་ has usually the verbal value of ‘knowing.’ The entries s.v. མཁྱེན་ in the Dicts. need careful comparison and deserve close study. མཁྱེན་པ་ is often used in an emphatic sense, to know all, to know through and through, to know with supernatural knowledge (as, for instance, to know what happens from a distance), cf. the English adj. ‘knowing.’ The shades of meaning: wise, learned, intelligent, sensible, careful, cautious, clever, need further analysis. འཁྲུག་པ་, 35. The value of this word is clear from the Dicts., but there is a difficulty in choosing suitable English words to fit each case in rendering. Such words as the following may be found useful under various circumstances: to be disturbed, upset, disordered (cf. disordered brain), unbalanced, deranged, convulsed, in turmoil, tumultuous (a soul in tumult), in revolt, turbulent, wild, seething, in uproar, in the throes of (passion, etc.). And even so none of the above expressions furnishes an easy, idiomatic and close rendering for རྒྱུད་ཁོང་ནས་འཁྲུགས་པའི་མི་, the man whose very character is an utter chaos. འཁུར་བ་, 21. Ordinarily to carry, but here to carry back, i.e. to repay, render, return. Example: ཕ་མའི་དྲིན་འཁུར་དགོས་, You must render your parents their kindness. The verb འཇལ་བ་, primarily ‘to weigh’, is equally so used; see J. s.v. 4. For the above example the word ལན་ would ordinarily be inserted, ཕ་ མའི་དྲིན་ལན་འཁུར་དགོས་, but this would lessen the force of the illustration for our purpose as ལན་ means here ‘return,’ and དྲིན་ལན༌, ‘a kindness in return.’ The above sentence can be expressed in three ways: ཕ་མའི་དྲིན་ (with or without ལན་), འཁུར་ (or འཇལ་, or ལོག་), དགོས་.