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Modern Copper Smelting: being lectures delivered at Birmingham University, greatly extended and adapted and with and introduction on the history, uses and properties of copper. — John Shaqi

Modern Copper Smelting: being lectures delivered at Birmingham University, greatly extended and adapted and with and introduction on the history, uses and properties of copper.Levy, Donald M.

Science

Modern Copper Smelting: being lectures delivered at Birmingham University, greatly extended and adapted and with and introduction on the history, uses and properties of copper.

Name: Modern Copper Smelting: being lectures delivered at Birmingham University, greatly extended and adapted and with and introduction on the history, uses and properties of copper.
Author: Levy, Donald M.

Levy, Donald M.

Copper -- Metallurgy

Regarding the American output, the marked movement for curtailment in
Montana has reduced the output of that State to such an extent, that
the position it gained in 1909, of being the greatest producing State
once more reverts to Arizona. The increases from Nevada and Utah, in
which developments on a large scale are commencing, may be noted.

               References.

    Percy, John, “Metallurgy (Copper).”
    Gowland, William, Presidential Address,
         _Trans. Inst. Mining and Metallurgy_,
         vol. xvi., 1906–7, pp. 265–291.
    Stevens, H. J., “The Copper Handbook.”
    Brown, N., and Turnbull, C. C., “A Century of Copper.”
    _Engineering and Mining Journal_, “Copper Production.”
         May 6th, 1910, p. 891.
    _Mineral Statistics of the United Kingdom._
    _Mineral Industry._




LECTURE II.


    The Uses of Copper: as Metal and as Alloy — The
        Physical Properties of Copper — Effects of
        Impurities — Mechanical Properties — Chemical
        Properties.


=The Uses of Copper.=—Generally speaking, the industrial
applications of copper involve its employment in two forms:—

    (1) As metal.
    (2) As a constituent of alloys.

The more limited use in the form of copper salts is of chemical rather
than of metallurgical interest.

Copper in the metallic form is employed for three classes of work:—

    (_a_) For electrical purposes.
    (_b_) For engineering purposes.
    (_c_) General industrial uses.

(_a_) _Electrical Uses._—Of late years the marked growth in the
consumption of copper has arisen very largely from its usefulness as
a conductor of electricity; the increased demand for the metal with
the development of electrical enterprise being a well-marked feature
in industrial progress. It is estimated that from 60 to 70 per cent.
of all the copper produced is utilised for this purpose, and metal is
specially prepared and sold under the designation of “high-conductivity
copper.” The demand has, to a large extent, increased irrespective of
price up to recent years, owing to the necessity of employing copper
for such purposes, though the natural economic factor that an enhanced
price of the metal tends to some discouragement of expansion and
of fresh electrical enterprise, has exerted considerable effect in
checking consumption.

Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.

Modern Copper Smelting: being lectures delivered at Birmingham University, greatly extended and adapted and with and introduction on the history, uses and properties of copper.

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