Opening the text

Modern Copper Smelting: being lectures delivered at Birmingham University, greatly extended and adapted and with and introduction on the history, uses and properties of copper.Levy, Donald M.

Science

Modern Copper Smelting: being lectures delivered at Birmingham University, greatly extended and adapted and with and introduction on the history, uses and properties of copper.

Name: Modern Copper Smelting: being lectures delivered at Birmingham University, greatly extended and adapted and with and introduction on the history, uses and properties of copper.
Author: Levy, Donald M.

Levy, Donald M.

Copper -- Metallurgy

Corresponding to such record over an 8-hour shift, as shown on fig. 24,
Offerhaus noted the following furnace manipulations, illustrating how
accurately the operations are checked by this method:—

       a.m.
     7.00–7.14       Skimming (coal charged during this period).
     7.16–7.16½      Side door opened.
     7.28–7.31       Coal charged.
     7.52–7.57      _Charged._
     8.05–8.15       Tapped.
     8.15            Coal charged.
     8.40            Coal charged.
     8.54–8.59       Grating.
     9.05            Side door opened. _Charged._
     9.27            Coal charged.
     9.49            Coal charged.
    10.07           _Charged._
    10.25            Coal charged.
    10.41            Coal charged.
    10.45–10.58      Skimming.
    11.04            Coal charged.
    11.16           _Charged._
    11.16–11.35      Some grating.
    11.36            Coal charged.
    12.03 p.m.       Coal charged.
    12.04           _Charged._
    12.37–12.48½     Tapped, 1½ ladles (about 11 tons).
    12.45            Coal charged.
     1.00           _Charged._
     1.11–1.45       Grating.
     1.26            Coal charged.
     1.44           _Charged._
     1.51            Coal charged.
     2.18            Coal charged.

        Total charges during shift,     16 coal, 7 calcines.

The draft record is placed close to the charging platform, in order
to be in a convenient position for the guidance of the workmen. The
draft in the main flues is 1·7 to 1·8 inches water pressure; this is
similarly recorded in the foreman’s office.

7. _Continuous Working of the Furnace._—The continuous working of the
furnace is a most important factor in modern practice, and is naturally
inseparably bound up with the principle of maintaining the heated
matte-pool in the furnace, which allows of the continuous charging of
hot “calcines,” and the continuous or regular withdrawal of slag and of
matte when required.

[Illustration: Fig. 24.—Draft Pressure Record of Anaconda Reverberatory
Furnace (Offerhaus).]

Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.

Opening the text

Modern Copper Smelting: being lectures delivered at Birmingham University, greatly extended and adapted and with and introduction on the history, uses and properties of copper.Levy, Donald M.

Science

Modern Copper Smelting: being lectures delivered at Birmingham University, greatly extended and adapted and with and introduction on the history, uses and properties of copper.

Levy, Donald M.

Copper -- Metallurgy

Corresponding to such record over an 8-hour shift, as shown on fig. 24,
Offerhaus noted the following furnace manipulations, illustrating how
accurately the operations are checked by this method:—

       a.m.
     7.00–7.14       Skimming (coal charged during this period).
     7.16–7.16½      Side door opened.
     7.28–7.31       Coal charged.
     7.52–7.57      _Charged._
     8.05–8.15       Tapped.
     8.15            Coal charged.
     8.40            Coal charged.
     8.54–8.59       Grating.
     9.05            Side door opened. _Charged._
     9.27            Coal charged.
     9.49            Coal charged.
    10.07           _Charged._
    10.25            Coal charged.
    10.41            Coal charged.
    10.45–10.58      Skimming.
    11.04            Coal charged.
    11.16           _Charged._
    11.16–11.35      Some grating.
    11.36            Coal charged.
    12.03 p.m.       Coal charged.
    12.04           _Charged._
    12.37–12.48½     Tapped, 1½ ladles (about 11 tons).
    12.45            Coal charged.
     1.00           _Charged._
     1.11–1.45       Grating.
     1.26            Coal charged.
     1.44           _Charged._
     1.51            Coal charged.
     2.18            Coal charged.

        Total charges during shift,     16 coal, 7 calcines.

The draft record is placed close to the charging platform, in order
to be in a convenient position for the guidance of the workmen. The
draft in the main flues is 1·7 to 1·8 inches water pressure; this is
similarly recorded in the foreman’s office.

7. _Continuous Working of the Furnace._—The continuous working of the
furnace is a most important factor in modern practice, and is naturally
inseparably bound up with the principle of maintaining the heated
matte-pool in the furnace, which allows of the continuous charging of
hot “calcines,” and the continuous or regular withdrawal of slag and of
matte when required.

[Illustration: Fig. 24.—Draft Pressure Record of Anaconda Reverberatory
Furnace (Offerhaus).]

Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.

Modern Copper Smelting: being lectures delivered at Birmingham University, greatly extended and adapted and with and introduction on the history, uses and properties of copper.

Modern Copper Smelting: being lectures delivered at Birmingham University, greatly extended and adapted and with and introduction on the history, uses and properties of copper.

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