Catalan language, 198, 199 Catalpa, 79 Cattle, 155, 177, 178, 185, 188, 190, 241, 242, 243 Caucasus, 32, 80 Cauterets, 67 Celtic language, 197; race, 197, 206, 209 Celto-Slavic race, 206 Central Plateau of France, 33; of Spain, 33 Cephalic index, 202 Cetaceans, 155 Chalk, 34 Challenger expedition, 144, 145 Chamærops, 129 Chameleon, 161 Charcoal as fuel, 226, 227, 228 Chestnuts, 139, 193 Chile, climate of, 85 China, agriculture in, 170; climate of, 96; cultivated plants from, 174; means of communication in, 242; trees of, 78, 79 Chiroptera, 155 Cirques, 62, 63 (fig. 8), 64, 65, 66 Cistus, 129 Citron, 174 Citrus, 174, 176 Clams, 146 Climate, 82 _et seq._ Clyde valley, 206, 207 Coal, 34, 227-234 Cod, 148 Congo forest, 114 Conifers, of America, 136-142; of Europe, 132; of mountains, 121 Coniferous forests, 132, 136, 137, 138, 141, 142 Continental climate, 102 Continental shelf, 27, 146, 147, 148 Copper, 220, 221, 222, 233 Corals, 146 Cork oak, 129 Cornwall, 223 Corries, 62, 64, 65 Corsica, people of, 208; wild sheep of, 156 Corsican pine, 129 Cotton, 174, 234 Crabs, 146 Cranberries, 185 Crustaceans, 146 Cucumbers, 176 Cwms, 62 Cycle of erosion, 30 Cyclones, 104-110 (figs. 10, 11, 12) Cyprus, locusts in, 165; minerals of, 221, 222 Darwin, Charles, 7, 9, 10 Date palm, 129 Daubensee, 73 Dauphiny, 209 Davis, quoted, 65 Deciduous forests, 121, 131, 132, 136, 139, 141 Dee, 44 Deer, 155, 166 Denmark, shell-mounds of, 146 Deserts, 10, 91, 115, 116, 170, 220 Devon, 223 Diatoms, 147 Dog, 155, 177, 239, 244 Dolichocephalic skulls, 202, 203, 204 Dormice, 158 Dranse, 42 Dunfermline, 235 Durham, 232 Edinburgh, 94, 246 Eidart, 44 Egypt, fossil sea-cows in, 155; Neolithic man in, 203 Egyptians, ancient, 204 Elba, 230 Elbow of capture, 45 Elephant, 194, 244 Elms, 139 England, minerals of, 227; rivers of, 46, 47 (fig. 5); rocks of, 36; wheat in, 185 English Channel, 107 Erratic blocks, 54 Erzgebirge, 227 Etruria, 223 Euphrates, 170 Eurasiatic race, 206 Europe, civilisation of, 17; climate of, 98-101; effect of glacial period on plants of, 77-81; fauna of, 23, 152-159; flora of, 78; forests of, 92, 119, 130-132; glacial period in, 52, 53; mountain pastures of, 122; plant formations of, 154; position of, 22; reptiles of, 160; rodents of, 157; structure of, 32 (fig. 1), 33-36 Evergreen oak, 127, 129 Feshie river, 43 (fig. 4), 44, 47, 49 Fig, 173 Fir, 132 Fish, 145-150; of Mediterranean, 149; of North Sea, 148 Flax, 173, 183, 187, 235 Flamingo, 160 Florida, 77, 139, 141 Forest of Arden, 226 Forest of Dean, 226