Libyans, 204 Lime, 174 Limes, 139 Lincolnshire, Wolds of, 46 Linen Industry, 235 Liquidambar, 140 Lithosphere, 20, 21 Littoral fauna, 145 Lizards, 161 Llama, 244 Lobsters, 146 Locust, 164, 165 Loire, 187, 223, 224 Lombards, 211 London, 94, 95, 99, 248 London basin, 33 Long-headed races, 203, 208, 217 Low pressure area in N. Atlantic, 88, 105 Lynx, 159 Mackerel, 149 Mackinder, quoted, 238 Maderaner thal, 68 (fig. 9) Magnolias, 140 Maize, 101, 174, 175 Malaria, 161, 162 Maples, 139 Maquis, 119, 120, 128, 179 Maritime climate, 85, 99, 101 Maritime pine, 129 Marmots, 158 Marseilles, 224 Marsupials, 155 Marten, 159 Mature rivers, 30, 38 (fig. 3), 40, 56 Mediterranean region, cattle in, 177; civilisation of, 170; climate of, 85-96; fauna of, 159; fishes of, 149; palms in, 129; reptiles of, 160; vegetation of, 123-130 Mediterranean race, 191, 198, 199, 204, 206, 208, 211-218 Meiringen, 57, 67 Mesopotamia, 96, 170, 172 Mexico, 91, 138 Mice, 155, 158 Milan, 247 Millet, 173 Moles, 155, 159 Monkeys, 113, 155 Monotremes, 155 Monsoon countries, 96, 97, 98 Monsoon winds, 102 Moors and heaths, 133 Montrose, 235 Mosquitoes, 161, 162 Moufflon, 156 Mountain chains, origin of, 31-37 Mountain pines, 121 Mulberry, 174 Mule, 177, 244 Musk-ox, 166 Mussels, 146 Myres, quoted, 212, 237 Myrtle, 130 Naples, 95 Narcissus, 124 Negritos, 114 Neolithic man, 201, 202, 203, 204 Newcastle-on-Tyne, 49, 247 New England States, 139 Newfoundland, 148, 149, 238 Nice, 95 Niger, 45 Nordic race, 192, 210, 211, 212, 213, 215, 216 Normal erosion, 51 North America. See America, North North Pole, 21 North Sea, 106, 148, 149 Norway, people of, 209 Nuts, 176 Oaks, 139 Oak woods, 131, 178 Oats, 172, 186 Oceans, area of, 21 Olive, 126, 127, 171, 172 Orange, 126, 174 Origin of Species, 7, 11 Orinoco, 45 Ouse, 46 Ox, 172 Oysters, 146 Palæarctic region, 154 Palæolithic man, 201, 205 Paris, 94, 95, 99 Paris basin, 33, 36 Passes, 70-75 Pastoral industries, 135, 177 Pastoral nomadism, 179, 180, 189 Pasture lands, 133, 192 Pastures, on mountains, 59 (fig. 6), 60 (fig. 7), 61, 122 Patagonia, 48 Peach, 174, 176 Pears, 176, 184 Peat, 133 Pelagic fauna, 145 Pelasgians, 205 Pelican, 160 Penck, quoted, 212 Peneplain, 48 Pennines, 46, 49 Persia, climate of, 96 Philippines, 114 Philippson, quoted, 177 Phoenicians, 223 Physiological drought, 121 Pigeons, 181 Pigmies, 114 Pigs, 155 Pines, 132 Pistachio, 176 Placental mammals, 23 Plain of Lombardy, 174 Plane, 79 Plant formations, 115, 116 Platanus, 79 Pleistocene, 52, 57 Plough culture, 172 Plums, 176, 184 Pomegranates, 126, 176 Poplars, 136 Porcupines, 158