The individuality of this Gello continued to be recognised to some
extent as late as the tenth century[468]; for Ignatius, a deacon of
Constantinople, in his life of the Patriarch Tarasius named her as a
single demon, though he added that the crime of killing children in
the same way was also imputed to a whole class of witches. ‘Hence,’
comments Allatius, ‘it has come about that at the present day Striges
(i.e. the witches of whom Ignatius speaks), because they practise
evil arts upon infants and by sucking their blood or in other ways
cause their death, are called Gellones[469].’ In the story also which
exhibits the chief qualities of this demon, her name (in the form
Γυλοῦ) appears still as a proper name.
But the multiplication of the single demon into a whole class dates
from long before the time of Allatius. John of Damascus in the eighth
century used the plural γελοῦδες as a popular word, the meaning of
which he took to be the same as that of Striges (στρίγγαι); and Michael
Psellus too in the eleventh century evidently regarded these two words
as interchangeable designations of a class of beings (whether of demons
or of witches, he leaves uncertain); for after an exact account of the
Striges and their thirst for children’s blood, he says that new-born
infants who waste away (as if from the draining of their blood by these
Striges) are called Γιλλόβρωτα[470], ‘Gello-eaten.’
The story of Leo Allatius[471], which sets forth the chief qualities
of Gello, is a legend of which the Saints Sisynios and Synidoros are
the heroes. The children of their sister Melitene had been devoured
by this demon, and they set themselves to capture her. She, to effect
her escape, at once changed her shape, and became first a swallow and
then a fish; but, for all her slippery and elusive transformations,
they finally caught her in the form of a goat’s hair adhering to the
king’s beard. Then addressing to her the words ‘Cease, foul Gello, from
slaying the babes of Christians,’ they worked upon her fears until they
extorted from her a confession of her twelve and a half names, the
knowledge of which was a safeguard against her assaults.
It is this list of names in which the various aspects of her activity
appear. The first is Γυλοῦ, one of the forms of the name Gello; the
second Μωρά[472], the name of a kind of Lamia; the third Βυζοῦ or
‘blood-sucker’; the fourth Μαρμαροῦ, probably ‘stony-hearted’; the
fifth Πετασία, for she can fly as a bird in the air; the sixth Πελαγία,
for she can swim as a fish in the sea; the seventh Βορδόνα[473],
probably meaning ‘stooping like a kite on her prey’; the eighth
Ἀπλετοῦ, ‘insatiable’; the ninth Χαμοδράκαινα, for she can lurk like
a snake in the earth; the tenth Ἀναβαρδαλαία[474], possibly ‘soaring
like a lark in the air’; the eleventh Ψυχανασπάστρια[475], ‘snatcher
of souls’; the twelfth Παιδοπνίκτρια, ‘strangler of children’; and the
half-name Στρίγλα, the kind of witch whereof the next section treats.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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