There have been no additions of any importance to the fleets of the other European powers since the publication of Sir Edward Reed’s article, and their policy has in no way been changed from that epitomized in the text. The apathy of Germany is inexplicable, and as for the others, there seem, except with Turkey, perhaps, no good reasons why they should strive to create fleets, as they are either too poor to build and support them, or their dangers from maritime attack are not great enough to make a large navy necessary. Holland has lately launched the _Johan Willem Friso_, which is the last of six large cruisers, “of which the others are the _Atjeh_, _Tromp_, _Konigin Emma der Nederlanden_, _De Ruyter_, and _Van Speyk_.... All these vessels are built of iron and steel, sheathed with wood to four feet above the water-line, and coppered. They are of 3400 tons displacement and of the following dimensions: Length 262 feet 5 inches, beam 39 feet 4 inches, and mean draught 18 feet 4 inches. Their armament is six 6.7-inch Krupp guns (one carried in the bow, one in the stern, and the others in broadside), four 4.72-inch Krupp pieces in broadside, six 37-millimetre revolving cannons, and a supply of Whitehead torpedoes. The engines drive single screws, and have an estimated horse-power of 3000, which has been slightly exceeded by some and not attained by others. The speeds vary from 14.1 knots to 14.7 knots. The coal supply is 400 tons—sufficient for six and three-quarter days’ steaming at full speed or for thirteen days at ten knots.”[48] Denmark has the _Valkyrien_, a steel cruiser of 2900 tons, fitted with a good battery and five torpedo-tubes, and designed to develop 5000 horse-power and 17 knots. Her new double-turreted, armored, coast-defence vessel _Iver Huitfeldt_ has developed a maximum speed of 15.6 knots. From data furnished by First-lieutenant Tasker H. Bliss, U. S. Artillery, the peace strength of the principal Continental nations may be summarized as follows: Part 1 of 2 +----------------------------------------------------+ | PERMANENT ESTABLISHMENT. | +---------+-------------+---------+--------+---------+ | Country | Population. | Army. | Navy. | Total. | +---------+-------------+---------+--------+---------+ | Germany | 45,234,000 | 427,274 | 11,109 | 438,383 | | Russia | 78,000,000 | 760,000 | 29,008 | 789,000 | | Austria | 38,000,000 | 287,000 | 8,500 | 295,500 | | Italy | 29,000.000 | 210,373 | 15,055 | 225,428 | | France | 37,672,000 | 518,642 | 43,235 | 561,877 | | England | 35,000,000 | 199,000 | 58,000 | 257,000 | +---------+-------------+---------+--------+---------+