II. INSURANCE: THE PIONEER FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY OF CANADA--THE “PHOENIX”--THE “AETNA”--IN THE FIFTIES AND SIXTIES--THE GREAT FIRE OF 1854--LATER COMPANIES. A. LIFE INSURANCE: THE PIONEER COMPANIES--THE SCOTTISH AMICABLE AND SCOTTISH PROVIDENT COMPANIES. B. MISCELLANEOUS INSURANCE 553 CHAPTER XXXVIII TRANSPORTATION I SHIPPING--EARLY AND MODERN BY RIVER AND STREAM MONTREAL HEAD OF NAVIGATION--LAKE ST. PETER--JACQUES CARTIER’S DIFFICULTIES--THE GRADUAL DEEPENING OF THE CHANNEL--THE LACHINE CANAL IN 1700--ITS FURTHER HISTORY--MONTREAL THE HEAD OF THE CANAL SYSTEM OF CANADA. II THE DEVELOPMENT OF MONTREAL SHIPPING A--SAILING VESSELS BIRCH BARK CANOE--BATEAU--DURHAM BOAT--SHIPBUILDING IN MONTREAL. B--STEAM VESSELS JOHN MOLSON’S ACCOMMODATION, 1809--PASSENGER FARES BETWEEN MONTREAL AND QUEBEC--PASSAGE DESCRIBED--THE TORRANCES--INLAND NAVIGATION--THE RICHELIEU AND ONTARIO COMPANY--THE FIRST UPPER DECK STEAMER TO SHOOT THE LACHINE RAPIDS. C--ATLANTIC LINERS THE ROYAL WILLIAM FIRST OCEAN STEAMER AND PIONEER OF THE OCEAN LINERS--ITS CONNECTION WITH MONTREAL--MAIL SERVICE TO MONTREAL--THE GENOVA--- ARRIVAL IN MONTREAL IN 1853--DINNER TO CAPTAIN PATON--THE CRIMEAN WAR--THE MONTREAL OCEAN STEAMSHIP COMPANY--THE FIRST CANADIAN ATLANTIC SHIP COMPANY--THE ALLAN LINE--EARLY BOATS--MAIL CARRIERS--1861 DISASTERS--SUBSEQUENT SUCCESS--THE PRESENT MONTREAL ALLAN SERVICE--THE CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY STEAMSHIP LINES--OTHER LINES--THE SHIPPING AND THE WAR OF 1914--THE GREAT ARMADA 569 CHAPTER XXXIX TRANSPORTATION I THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PORT OF MONTREAL--HERIOT’S DESCRIPTION IN 1815--T.S. BROWN IN 1818--THE ISLAND WHARF--THE CREEK--THE PRIMITIVE WHARVES--THE “POINTS”--THE RIVER FRONT--THE SPRING FLEET--FIREWOOD RAFTS--TOW BOATS--THE EVERETTA--AN ACCOUNT OF 1819--BOUCHETTE’S PLAN OF 1824--THE FIRST HARBOUR COMMISSIONERS, “THE TRINITY BOARD”--FIRST REPORT--LATEST REPORT--EARLY ENGINEERS--REVIEW OF HARBOUR IN 1872--A TRANSFORMATION FROM 1818--GRAIN ELEVATORS--NUMBER OF VESSELS--MARKET AND WOOD BOATS--THE BONSECOURS MARKET--1875 PLAN FOR IMPROVEMENT NOW CARRIED OUT--FLOATING DOCK--DESCRIPTION OF PRESENT HARBOUR--ITS FACILITIES FOR FURTHER DEVELOPMENT--THE DESIRE TO LENGTHEN THE SHIPPING SEASON. II HARBOUR COMMISSIONERS--THE HARBOUR COMMISSIONERS FROM 1830 TO THE PRESENT TIME. III