CUSTOMS--SHIPPING FEDERATION--THE PILOTAGE AUTHORITY--IMPORTS AND EXPORTS 585 CHAPTER XL TRANSPORTATION BY RAIL IV MONTREAL AND THE RAILWAYS OF CANADA MONTREAL THE CENTRE OF RAILWAY COMMUNICATION--THE FIRST RAILWAY--THE SNAKE RAIL AND THE “KITTEN”--“THE CHAMPLAIN AND THE ST. LAWRENCE”--THE SECOND RAILWAY. THE ATLANTIC AND ST. LAWRENCE--THE AMALGAMATION INTO THE GRAND TRUNK RAILWAY COMPANY. 1. ITS HISTORY--ITS PRESIDENTS--AN INTERESTING REPORT AT CONFEDERATION--NEW FREIGHT YARDS--CHAS. M. HAYS AND THE GRAND TRUNK PACIFIC RAILWAY--THE BUILDING OF THE VICTORIA BRIDGES BY THE GRAND TRUNK RAILROAD. 2. THE CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY--ITS FINANCIERS--TWIN TO CONFEDERATION--OPPOSITION TO PROMOTERS--EARLY FINANCIAL DIFFICULTIES--NO BIG FORTUNES MADE--ROLLING STOCK--A REAL EMPIRE BUILDER--HELPING NEW INDUSTRIES--HUGE LAND HOLDINGS--IRRIGATION OF BARREN LANDS. 3. OTHER SYSTEMS--THE “INTERCOLONIAL”--THE CANADIAN NORTHERN AND ITS MOUNTAIN TUNNEL 607 CHAPTER XLI TRANSPORTATION BY ROAD I THE ANCIENT AND MODERN POSTAL SERVICE OF MONTREAL ANCIENT ROADS--THE “GRAND VOYER”--GOOD ROADS MOVEMENT--THE EVOLUTION OF ROADS--“POST” MASTERS RECOGNIZED IN 1780--THE EARLY POSTAL SYSTEM OF MONTREAL AND BENJAMIN FRANKLIN--BURLINGTON THE TERMINUS--EARLY LETTER RATES--MAIL ADVERTISEMENTS--THE QUEBEC TO MONTREAL POSTAL SERVICE--EARLY POSTOFFICE IN MONTREAL--OCEAN AND RAILWAY MAIL SERVICE--THE PRESENT POSTOFFICE--ITS HISTORICAL TABLETS BY FLAXMAN--THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POSTAL SYSTEM--THE POSTMASTERS OF MONTREAL. II STREET TRANSPORTATION MODERNIZING MONTREAL MONTREAL IN 1861--THE STREET RAILWAY MOVEMENT--THE “MONTREAL CITY PASSENGER RAILWAY COMPANY” CHARTERED--THE HISTORY OF THE COMPANY--ITS FIRST PROMOTERS--EIGHT PASSENGER CARS, SIX MILES, HORSE SERVICE IN 1861--THE OPENING UP OF THE STREETS--WINTER SERVICE OF SLEIGHS--1892 THE BEGINNING OF ELECTRIC ERA--THE CONVERSION OF THE SYSTEM INTO ELECTRIC TRACTION--THE GRADUAL GROWTH OF THE COMPANY 623 CHAPTER XLII 1760-1841 CITY IMPROVEMENT FROM THE CESSION UNDER JUSTICES OF THE PEACE