Morristown National Historical Park, a Military Capital of the American Revolution — John Shaqi
Morristown National Historical Park, a Military Capital of the American RevolutionWeig, Melvin J.
History
Morristown National Historical Park, a Military Capital of the American Revolution
Weig, Melvin J.
Morristown National Historical Park (N.J.); New Jersey -- History -- Revolution, 1775-1783
Word of Knyphausen’s crossing from Staten Island reached Washington in
the early morning hours of June 7. There were then but six brigades of
the Continental Army still encamped in Jockey Hollow—Hand’s, Stark’s,
1st and 2d Connecticut, and 1st and 2d Pennsylvania—the two Maryland
Brigades having left for the South on April 17, and the New York Brigade
having marched for the Hudson Highlands between May 29 and 31. The
troops at Morristown, ordered to “march immediately” at 7 a. m., reached
the Short Hills above Springfield that same afternoon. There the
Commander in Chief held them in reserve against any British attempt to
advance further toward Morristown.
Except for occasional shifts in advanced outposts on both sides, there
was no significant change in this situation for 2 weeks. Knyphausen’s
troops continued at Elizabethtown Point, and the Americans remained at
Springfield. On June 21, however, having learned positively that Sir
Henry Clinton’s forces had reached New York 4 days earlier, Washington
decided that the time had come to leave Morristown as his main base of
operations. Steps were accordingly taken to remove military stores
concentrated in the village to interior points less vulnerable to
immediate attack. Stark’s and the New Jersey Brigades, Maj. Henry Lee’s
Light Horse Troop, and the militia were left at Springfield, under
command of General Greene. The balance of the Continental Army began
moving slowly toward Pompton, but was encamped at Rockaway Bridge when
Washington, having left his headquarters in the Ford Mansion, joined it
on June 23. This dual disposition of the American forces was taken with
a view to protecting the environs of both Morristown and West Point,
either of which might be the next major British objective.
On June 23, the very day of Washington’s departure from Morristown, the
enemy struck once more. This time, with one column headed by General
Mathew and the other by Knyphausen, they succeeded in getting through
Springfield, where the British burned every building but two. Greene’s
command met the assault with such determination, however, that the
attackers again retreated to their former position. That night they
abandoned Elizabethtown Point and crossed over to Staten Island. Never
again during the Revolutionary War was there to be another major
invasion of New Jersey.
While this second Battle of Springfield was in progress, Washington
moved the main body of the Continental Army “back towards Morris Town
five or six miles,” where he would be in a better position to defend the
stores remaining there in case the British attack should carry that far.
Then, on June 25, with definite assurance that the enemy had retired to
Staten Island, he put all the troops under marching orders for the
Hudson Highlands. The second encampment at Morristown was ended.
_January 1781: The Story of Two Mutinies_
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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