Morristown National Historical Park, a Military Capital of the American Revolution — John Shaqi
Morristown National Historical Park, a Military Capital of the American RevolutionWeig, Melvin J.
History
Morristown National Historical Park, a Military Capital of the American Revolution
Weig, Melvin J.
Morristown National Historical Park (N.J.); New Jersey -- History -- Revolution, 1775-1783
Even as Schuyler and his co-workers penned their report, however, good
news was arriving at headquarters. On May 10, 1780, following more than
a year’s absence in his native France, the Marquis de Lafayette came to
Morristown, fortified with word that King Louis XVI had determined to
send a second major armament of ships and men to aid the Americans. This
assistance would prove more beneficial, it was hoped, than the first
French expedition under the Count d’Estaing, which, after failing to
take Newport in the late summer of 1778, had finally sailed away to the
West Indies. Washington’s joy at seeing Lafayette again was doubled by
this welcome information, and the army as a whole shared his feelings.
[Illustration: _Washington greeting Lafayette on his arrival at
headquarters, May 10, 1780._ From a diorama in the historical
museum.]
The gallant young Frenchman remained a guest of his “beloved and
respected friend and general” until May 14, when he left for
Philadelphia, carrying with him letters from Washington and Hamilton
informing members of Congress about his work in France. Approximately 6
days later he returned to Morristown, and from that time forth until the
end of 1780 he continued with the Continental Army in New Jersey and New
York State.
TWO BATTLES END THE 1779-80 ENCAMPMENT.
Early in June there was far less cheerful news. Reports reached camp
that the enemy had taken Charleston, capturing General Lincoln with his
entire army of 5,000 men. Worse still, the British forces under Sir
Henry Clinton’s immediate command would now be released, in all
probability, for military operations in the North.
This was the dark moment chosen by Lt. Gen. Wilhelm von Knyphausen, then
commanding the enemy forces at New York, for an invasion of New Jersey,
ostensibly to test persistent rumors that war-weariness among the
Americans had reached a point where, suitably encouraged, they might
abandon the struggle for independence. Five thousand British and German
troops accordingly crossed over from Staten Island to Elizabethtown
Point on June 6, and the next morning began advancing toward Morristown.
The first shock of their attack was met by the New Jersey Brigade, then
guarding the American outposts; but as heavy fighting progressed, local
militia came out in swarms to assist in opposing the invader. During the
action, which lasted all day, the enemy burned Connecticut Farms. By
nightfall, Knyphausen had come to within a half mile of Springfield.
Then he retreated, in the midst of a terrific thunderstorm, to
Elizabethtown Point.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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