As regards the Vulgar Tongue itself--though exhaustive disquisition obviously lies outside the scope of necessarily brief forewords--it may be pointed out that its origin in England is confessedly obscure. Prior to the second half of the 16th century, there was little trace of that flood of unorthodox speech which, in this year of grace eighteen hundred and ninety-six, requires six quarto double-columned volumes duly to chronicle--verily a vast and motley crowd! As to the distinction to be drawn between Cant and Slang it is somewhat difficult to speak. Cant we know; its limits and place in the world of philology are well defined. In Slang, however, we have a veritable Proteus, ever shifting, and for the most part defying exact definition and orderly derivation. Few, save scholars and such-like folk, even distinguish between the two, though the line of demarcation is sharply enough defined. In the first place, Slang is universal, whilst Cant is restricted in usage to certain classes of the community: thieves, vagrom men, and-- well, their associates. One thing, indeed, both have in common; each are derived from a correct normal use of language. There, however, all similarity ends. Slang boasts a quasi-respectability denied to Cant, though Cant is frequently more enduring, its use continuing without variation of meaning for many generations. With Slang this is the exception; present in force to-day, it is either altogether forgotten to-morrow, or has shaded off into some new meaning--a creation of chance and circumstance. Both Cant and Slang, but Slang to a more determinate degree, are mirrors in which those who look may see reflected a picture of the age, with its failings, foibles, and idiosyncrasies. They reflect the social life of the people, the mirror rarely being held to truth so faithfully--hence the present interest, and may be future value, of these songs and rhymes. For the rest the book will speak for itself. MUSA PEDESTRIS RHYMES OF THE CANTING CREW. [Notes] [c. 1536] [From "_The Hye-way to the Spyttel-hons"_ by ROBERT COPLAND (HAZLITT, _Early Popular Poetry of England, iv_.) ROBERT COPLAND and the Porter of St. Bartholomew's Hospital _loquitor_]. _Copland._ Come none of these pedlers this way also, With pak on bak with their bousy speche [1] Jagged and ragged with broken hose and breche? _Porter._ Inow, ynow; with bousy coue maimed nace,[2] Teare the patryng coue in the darkeman cace Docked the dell for a coper meke; His watch shall feng a prounces nob-chete, Cyarum, by Salmon, and thou shall pek my jere In thy gan, for my watch it is nace gere For the bene bouse my watch hath a coyn. And thus they babble tyll their thryft is thin I wote not what with their pedlyng frenche. [1 crapulous] [2 Notes] THE BEGGAR'S CURSE [1608]