Mushroom and Toadstools: How to Distinguish Easily the Differences Between Edible and Poisonous FungiSmith, Worthington George
Science
Mushroom and Toadstools: How to Distinguish Easily the Differences Between Edible and Poisonous Fungi
Smith, Worthington George
Edible mushrooms -- Great Britain; Mushrooms, Poisonous -- Great Britain
One or two milk-mushrooms, which had better be avoided, bear
brimstone-coloured milk, or milk which changes to a brimstone or
burnt sienna colour; they are figured on the Poisonous Sheet, figs.
20 and 28; but _Lactarius deliciosus_ can never be mistaken for any
other plant if the deep orange (or red) and ultimately green milk is
observed. Figs. 20 and 28 are not peculiar to fir woods.
=Purple Cobweb-Mushroom.= Fig. 12.
(_Cortinarius_ [_Inoloma_] _violaceus._) 420.
This is one of the best-marked of all edible fungi, and at the same
time one of the very best for esculent purposes. It cannot be called
common, although I have often found it close to London. It appears to
principally grow in _open places_ in woods. When young, it looks like
a bright purple silk ball in the grass, and when gathered the bulbous
stem is almost as large as the top itself. There is always a cottony
web, like cobweb (which represents the ring), stretching from the edge
of the pileus to the stem, and this web soon takes its colour from the
red spores, which are plentifully produced, colouring the gills and
part of the stalk a red colour, very similar in tint to the rust of
iron; when cut, the flesh is of a subdued lilac tint, and firm.
Broiled with a steak, this is a most exquisitely rich luxury, much
resembling the meadow mushroom in flavour, but altogether firmer, and
more meaty and substantial. I am always glad to find this species, and
it is next to impossible to mistake it for any other.
=Maned Mushroom.= Fig. 13.
(_Coprinus comatus._) 374.
This fungus should be gathered for the table when the gills are white
or just changing to pink, and before they are black, in which latter
state (as the plant is ultimately deliquescent), it is unfit for food.
If I had my choice, I think there is no species I should prefer before
this one; it is singularly rich, tender, and delicious. Those found
growing amongst short grass, on lawns, or by roadsides, are best; there
is one form of it which grows in dirty, sticky places, in brickfields,
dustyards, &c., that I should not like to recommend. When gathered
in a rich pasture, it is of snowy whiteness, the top being somewhat
fleshy, cylindrical, and broken up into white clothy patches; there is
a white, powdery, fragile ring round the hollow stem, which is soon
broken, and falls away.
_Coprinus comatus_—the “Agaric of Civilization”—is common in all the
London parks in October. A closely-allied species, found at the base
of old stumps and palings, and on the ground (_C. atramentarius_),
is sometimes eaten. I have not tried it, but Mr. Penrose and several
friends have a word to say in its favour.
=Scaly Mushroom.= Fig. 14.
(_Agaricus_ [_Lepiota_] _procerus._) 13.
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