Mushroom and Toadstools: How to Distinguish Easily the Differences Between Edible and Poisonous FungiSmith, Worthington George
Science
Mushroom and Toadstools: How to Distinguish Easily the Differences Between Edible and Poisonous Fungi
Smith, Worthington George
Edible mushrooms -- Great Britain; Mushrooms, Poisonous -- Great Britain
Agaricus procerus everywhere enjoys a good reputation, and as it is
far from uncommon, the lovers of fungi can generally make sure of this
species for a treat. When or at what time it was ever sold at Covent
Garden Market, I do not know; for although more than one book says it
is there displayed for sale, I never saw, or could hear of it. It grows
in pastures, and is known by its long bulbous spotted stem, by the ring
that will slip up and down, by the very scaly top, and the gills far
removed from the insertion of the stalk. When the stem is removed, a
large hollow socket remains,—just the place to insert a large piece of
butter in the broiling process, when, with pepper and salt, it forms a
dish that if once tried must please the most fastidious. I think the
plants gathered in the pastures are best. I have sometimes found most
enormous specimens growing in fir plantations, but I do not think them
equal for the table to the plants which abound in rich meadows. The
flesh is a little inclined to change colour; and there is an allied
species, _A. rachodes_, much more _robust_, but often smaller, that
changes colour to a deep yellowish-brown when broken, and has a smooth
stem, that cannot be so highly recommended, if it even be wholesome. I
have generally found it growing on dark and shady hedge-banks, and know
several persons who have eaten it and speak well of it.
=Plum Mushroom.= Fig. 15.
(_Agaricus_ [_Clitopilus_] _prunulus._) 225.
The pure pink gills running considerably down the ringless stem, and
the fresh and fragrant smell of meal, at once distinguish this species
from all others. It grows in and near woods in the autumn, evidently
giving a preference to the open places and borders; the solid stem
and the very fleshy top are white, or some shade of very pale grey.
Dr. Badham and some other authors refer to our plant under the name
of _A. orcellus_, and some botanists consider the true “orcellus”
and the true “prunulus” distinct but closely allied species. There
is also a vexatious confusion between this species and fig. 19, St.
George’s Mushroom (_A. gambosus_). This latter is a spring plant,
and is frequently and erroneously called _A. prunulus_. They have no
characters in common, and, in fact, more distinct Agarics do not exist.
Returning to the true Plum Mushroom (fig. 15), I have only to say that,
however prepared, it is most excellent; the flesh is firm and juicy,
and full of flavour; and whether broiled, stewed, or however prepared,
it is a most delicious morsel. I have never seen it in very large
quantities; it is scattered over the woods north of London, but not in
profusion.
=Curled Helvella.= Fig. 16.
(_Helvella crispa._) 1673.
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