[Illustration: FIG. 1.――MUSIC. After an oil painting attributed to Melozzo da Forlì (1438-1494). National Gallery.] BOARD OF EDUCATION, SOUTH KENSINGTON, VICTORIA AND ALBERT MUSEUM. MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS BY CARL ENGEL _WITH SEVENTY-EIGHT ILLUSTRATIONS_ [Illustration: logo] REVISED EDITION. LONDON: PRINTED FOR HIS MAJESTY’S STATIONERY OFFICE, By WYMAN AND SONS, LIMITED, 109, FETTER LANE, E.C. And to be purchased, either directly or through any Bookseller, from WYMAN AND SONS, LIMITED, 109, FETTER LANE, FLEET STREET, E.C. or OLIVER AND BOYD, TWEEDDALE COURT, EDINBURGH; or E. PONSONBY, 116, GRAFTON STREET, DUBLIN. 1908. _Price_ 1_s._ 6_d._; _in Cloth_, 2_s._ 3_d._ NOTE. In the preparation of the revised edition of the late Dr. Engel’s handbook, first published in 1875, care has been taken to make as few alterations as possible and to express no views from which he might have dissented. The greatly enlarged chapter relating to post-mediæval instruments has been chiefly compiled from Dr. Engel’s Descriptive Catalogue of the musical instruments in the Museum, published in 1874. The pages relating to the Ancient Egyptians have been revised by Dr. W. M. Flinders Petrie, those dealing with the Greeks, Etruscans and Romans by Dr. Cecil H. Smith, and the description of Chinese and Japanese instruments by Dr. Stephen W. Bushell. The thanks of the Board are due to these gentlemen for their valuable co-operation. CONTENTS. PAGE NOTE iii LIST OF CONTENTS v “ ” ILLUSTRATIONS vii CHAPTER I.――Introduction 1 “ II.――Pre-Historic Relics and Ancient Egyptian 9 “ III.――Assyrian and Hebrew 16 “ IV.――Greek, Etruscan and Roman 27 “ V.――Oriental 37 “ VI.――American Indian 58 “ VII.――European Instruments of the Middle Ages 83 “ VIII.――European Instruments of the Middle Ages 92 “ IX.――European Instruments of the Middle Ages 99 “ X.――Post-Mediæval Instruments 104 APPENDIX 135 INDEX 139 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. FIG. PAGE. 1.――MUSIC, after an oil painting attributed to Melozzo da Forlì (1438-1494) _Frontispiece_ 2.――PAINTED WOODEN HARP. Ancient Egyptian. XVIIIth dynasty (B.C. 1450) _Facing_ 10 3.――BRONZE AND REED FLUTES. Ancient Egyptian. B.C. 600, or later _Facing_ 12