=Cutting.=--An excavation through which a railway line runs. =Dense Hedge.=--Growing closely together. =Donga.=--A South African term, meaning a dry watercourse, bordered by steep and high banks. =Embankment.=--Earth banked up above the natural height of the surrounding country, to preserve the level of a railway line. =Fenced.=--Bounded by a fence, hedge, wall, etc. =Fencing.=--A structure, enclosing a piece of land or separating it from another piece. =Ferry.=--A place where a river or other piece of water may be crossed by means of a boat kept at the spot for the purpose. =Fold in Ground.=--A slight hollow, caused by the regular lie of the ground being broken by a rise or depression. =Foliage.=--The leaves of trees, shrubs, etc. =Ford.=--A shallow place in a stream where it may be crossed by wading. =Gorge.=--A rugged and deep ravine. =Hollow.=--A depression in the ground. =Junction of Roads.=--The point where two or more roads meet, but do not cross one another. =Knoll.=--A low hill standing by itself. =Level Crossing.=--Where a road or path crosses a railway-line at the same level. =Marshland.=--Low-lying, wet land, covered usually with rushes and rank vegetation. =Moorland.=--Waste land covered with heath, and having a poor, peaty soil. =Nullah.=--An Indian term, meaning a dry watercourse bordered by steep and high banks. =Palings.=--Narrow pieces of wood nailed closely together upon rails so as to form a fence. =Pastureland.=--Grassland. =Plantation.=--A small wood, composed of trees recently planted. =Ploughland.=--Land which has recently been ploughed. =Posts and Rails.=--A fence composed of posts, with one end sunk in the ground, connected by rails. =Quarry.=--An excavation from which stone has been extracted. =Ravine.=--A deep hollow in a hill or mountain side. =Ridge.=--Anything shaped like the back of an animal. For instance, the highest part of a long range of hills or the angular top of the roof of a building. =Ridge and Furrow.=--Land ploughed in such a manner that the ground lies alternately heaped up (ridge) and hollowed out (furrow). =River Bank, Right, Left.=--The right or left bank of a river is the bank on the right or left of an observer facing down the stream. =Saddle.=--A shallow, central dip in a ridge. The depression is less marked than a col. =Scrub.=--Stunted trees and bushes growing closely together. =Shrub.=--A small bushy tree. =Signal--Box or Cabin.=--A small building adjoining a railway-line, from which a set of signals is controlled. =Sky-Line.=--Where earth or sea appear to meet the sky.