Mycenæ: a narrative of researches and discoveries at Mycenæ and TirynsSchliemann, Heinrich
History
Mycenæ: a narrative of researches and discoveries at Mycenæ and Tiryns
Schliemann, Heinrich
Mycenae (Extinct city); Tiryns (Extinct city)
The first portion of the armour, that attracts observation,
is an elaborately wrought breast-plate, which had come from Cyprus, a
seat of Phœnician settlement. We next come to the sword, which I shall
presently describe. This is followed by the shield, adorned with many
bosses of metal, but also carrying a representation of the Gorgon with
the heads or figures of Fear and Panic. This shield must be considered
as a work of art; and the same may be said of its band or strap, which
carried the figure of a three-headed snake. There is nothing said to
connect these works with foreign manufacture. The family of Agamemnon
was of a foreign origin comparatively recent; but it may remain an open
question, whether these arms are presumptively referable, or not, to a
domestic manufacture.
The deposits appear, again, to differ extremely in point of merit. I
set aside the objects directly symbolical, because, where religion, or
idolatry, is in question, excellence in workmanship becomes secondary, or
even ceases to be desired. Among the other objects, I gather that none
exhibit a very high order of technical qualities. But, if we may rely
upon photographic representation, they surely exhibit lively and forcible
movement, as well as many of the elements of nobleness, beauty, and
fertility of invention; particularly in ornamentation, as distinguished
from the representation of life, either animal or vegetable. Some of
this diversity may be due to difference of date; some, perhaps much, to
the superiority of the immigrant hand, or of imported works. That there
were foreigners resident in Greece at the time of the _Troïca_, we have
every reason to infer from one conspicuous case, that of Echepolos, a
son of Anchises, who was allowed to present the mare Aithè to Agamemnon,
as the price of his exemption (_Il._ XXIII. 296) from service against
Troy. If there be anywhere in the Poems an account of a work of art
produced in Greece or by a Greek, it is the bedstead of Odysseus,[5]
wrought by himself (_Od._ XXIII. 190-201); and to him, after a good deal
of consideration, I am inclined to ascribe a close connection with the
immigrant or Phœnician stock; though this representation might also be
due to his unequalled versatility and universality of accomplishment.
There was indeed a _Chrusochoös_ or gold-plater at the Court of Nestor
(_Od._ III. 425); but the very same man goes by the name of _Chalkeus_
or coppersmith (_Ibid_. III. 432). And it would even seem that working
in metals cannot have been a principal or prominent employment in an
Achaian community, for no such person is named in the remarkable passage
of the Odyssey (XVII. 384) which supplies a sort of list, and where the
wood-worker, or carpenter, appears.
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