Max Müller, _Chips_, &c., II. p. 65. Muir, _l. c._ p. 77 _et seq._ Footnote 182: This is connected with Müller’s view that ‘language must die before it can enter into a new stage of mythological life’ (_Lectures on the Science of Language_, Second Series, p. 426). Footnote 183: _Lectures_, &c., Second Series, p. 432. Footnote 184: Rawlinson, _History of Herodotus_, I. 211. Footnote 185: V. 3: ἀλλὰ γὰρ τοῦτο ἄπορόν σφι καὶ ἀμήχανον μή κοτε ἐγγένηται· εἰσὶ δὴ κατὰ τοῦτο ἀσθενέες. Footnote 186: The literature is clearly and concisely enumerated in G. Rawlinson’s essay _On the Early History of the Athenians_, §8-11 (_Hist. of Herod._, Bk. II. Essay II.). But it must be added that the idea of the learned author—‘The Attic castes, if they existed, belong to the very infancy of the nation, and had certainly passed into tribes long before the reign of Codrus’—does not agree with the historical sequence demanded by the connexion of the tribes with nomadic life and that of the caste with fixed tenure. In the very nature of the case the division into tribes is proper to nomadism, which knows of no systematic occupation with arts and trades, whereas the division into castes presupposes such an occupation with trades and arts as only a sedentary life renders possible. Therefore, between tribes and castes the priority will always have to be assigned to the former. Footnote 187: Spiegel, _Ueber die eranische Stammesverfassung_ (_Abhandlungen der kön. bair. Akad. d. W._, 1855, Bd. VII.); _Kasten und Stände in der arischen Vorzeit_ (_Ausland_, 1874, No. 36). Footnote 188: _Die heiligen Schriften der Parsen_, in German, III. vi. Footnote 189: _Ibid._ II. xiv.-xv. Footnote 190: _Zeitschrift d. D. M. G._ 1852, VI. 67 _et seq._ Footnote 191: _God in History_, II. 8. Footnote 192: _Narrative of a Year’s Journey through Central and Eastern Arabia_, I. 8. Footnote 193: See Welcker. _Griechische Götterlehre_, I. 551. Footnote 194: _Zur hauranischen Alterthumskunde_ (_Zeitschrift der D. M. G._, 1861, XV. 444). Footnote 195: It should be noted that from Ibn Dureyd, _Kitâb al-ishtiḳâḳ_, p. 96. II, it is evidently possible that in such compounds the word ʿabd itself may belong to the idol; he writes wa-ʿabdu shams^{in} zaʿamû ṣanam^{un} wa-ḳâla ḳaum^{un} bal ʿaynu mâ^{in} maʿrufat^{un} wa-hua ism^{un} ḳadîm^{un}: ‘ʿAbd Shams is in the opinion of some an idol, others say it is the name of a well-known spring of water: it is an old name.’ Footnote 196: Tuch, _Sinaitische Inschriften_ (_Zeitschr. der D. M. G._, 1849, III. 202).—Osiander, _Vorislam. Religion der Araber_ (_Zeitschr. der D. M. G._, 1853. VII. 483). Footnote 197: _Tâj-al-ʿarûs_, II. 209. Footnote 198: Schlottmann, _Die Inschrift Eshmunazar’s_, Halle 1868, p. 84. Footnote 199: