VIII. The Occupation and Destruction of Moscow 220 IX. The French Sojourn in Moscow 241 X. The First Stages of the Retreat 263 XI. The Operations in Napoleon’s Rear during September and October 286 XII. The French Retreat. Maloyaroslavetz to Orsha 307 XIII. Orsha to the Berezina 344 XIV. Conclusion of the Campaign. Losses and Results 374 Appendices A to E 392 Bibliography 405 Index 409 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 1. Bad News from Paris _Frontispiece_ To face page 2. The Emperor Alexander I of Russia 4 3. Prince Eugène, Son of the ex-Empress Josephine 18 4. Details of the Uniforms of the Infantry of the French Army in 1812 26 5. Marshal Davout 34 6. Prince Joseph Anthony Poniatowski, Nephew of Stanislaus Augustus, the last King of Poland 36 7. Field-Marshal Prince Barclay de Tolly 50 8. Field-Marshal Prince Golénischev-Kutuzov 52 9. General Prince Bagration, Commander of the Second Russian Army in 1812 84 10. Joachim Murat, King of Naples 126 11. The Old Fortifications of Smolensk 144 12. Marshal Oudinot, Duke of Reggio 172 13. The First Battle of Polotsk 180 14. General of Cavalry Count Platov 194 15. Marshal Ney 212 16. Moscow from the Sparrow Hills 224 17. Napoleon’s First View of Moscow 228 18. Napoleon Watching the Burning of Moscow 236 19. The Kremlin, Moscow 242 20. Marshal Victor, Duke of Belluno 252 21. The Church of Vasilii Blagorennyi at Moscow 264 22. The Council of War after the Battle of Maloyaroslavetz 280 23. Marshal Gouvion St. Cyr 286 24. Count Wittgenstein 298 25. Armed Russian Peasants in Ambush in the Woods waiting to cut off French Stragglers 310 26. The Retreat of the French from Moscow 322 27. Russian Grenadiers Pursuing the French Army 332