Natural History of Cottonmouth Moccasin, Agkistrodon piscovorus (Reptilia)Burkett, Ray D.
Science
Natural History of Cottonmouth Moccasin, Agkistrodon piscovorus (Reptilia)
Burkett, Ray D.
Agkistrodon piscivorus; Snakes
Florida: "3 heron feathers, bird bone, _Eumeces inexpectatus_,
3 fish all under one inch in length, 1 heron egg shell" (Carr,
1936:89). According to Allen and Swindell (1948:5), "the food
included other moccasins, prairie rattlesnakes, king-snakes,
black snakes, water snakes, garter snakes, ribbon snakes, and
horn snakes ... most of the species of frogs, baby alligators,
mice, rats, guinea pigs, young rabbits, birds, bats, squirrels,
and lizards ... a mud turtle ... a case of a four footer eating
ten to twelve chicken eggs. The most common food appears to be
fish and frogs. Catfish are included on this list...." Yerger
(1953:115) mentions "an adult yellow bullhead, _Ameiurus
natalis_ ... 306 mm. in standard length [from a 63-inch
cottonmouth]."
Georgia: "... full grown _Rana catesbeiana_, several foot-long
pickerel ... dead fish if placed in a pan of water.... _Natrix
sipedon fasciata_ and _Masticophis flagellum_ ... rats....
Toads and large _Eumeces laticeps_ were always ignored."
(Neill, 1947:203.) "_Natrix_, _Heterodon_, _Kinosternon_,
_Rana_, _Hyla cinerea_, _Microhyla_, Microtine [_Pitymys
pinetorum_]." (Hamilton and Pollack, 1955:3.)
Mississippi: "... _Hyla gratiosa_.... In captivity specimens
have eaten frogs, mice, birds, dead fish, pigmy rattlers and
copperheads. Toads ... were refused" (Allen, 1932:17). One
moccasin "disgorged a smaller decapitated moccasin ... killed
the day before by boys" (Smith and List, 1955:123).
Tennessee: "Beetles in one stomach; lizard (_Eumeces_) in
another stomach; small snake (_Natrix_) in one intestine, and
hair in another intestine. One stomach contained numerous bits
of wood, up to four inches in length...." (Goodman, 1958:149.)
Kentucky: "_Siren intermedia_ was the most abundant food item
in both volume and occurrence. Frogs of the genus _Rana_ ranked
second. Together, these two items comprised almost 2/3 of the
food of the snakes. The other food items were distributed among
the fishes, reptiles, and other amphibians [one _Rana_ tadpole
included]." (Based on 42 samples--Barbour, 1956:37.)
Illinois: (Based on 84 samples--Klimstra, 1959:5.)
_Per cent Frequency_ _Per cent_
_Food Item_ _of Occurrence_ _Volume_
Pisces 39.3 31.9
Amphibia 36.9 26.0
Reptilia 25.0 18.2
Mammalia 30.9 17.9
Gastropoda 17.8 1.0
Miscellaneous 25.0 5.0
(Algae, Arachnida,
Aves, Insecta)
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