Natural History of Cottonmouth Moccasin, Agkistrodon piscovorus (Reptilia)Burkett, Ray D.
Science
Natural History of Cottonmouth Moccasin, Agkistrodon piscovorus (Reptilia)
Burkett, Ray D.
Agkistrodon piscivorus; Snakes
Louisiana: Penn (1943:59) mentions that a "female had just
eaten two young cottonmouths...." Clark (1949:259) mentions
"100 specimens--34 fish; 25 _Rana pipiens_; 16 _Rana
clamitans_; 7 _Acris_; 4 _Natrix sipedon confluens_; 8 birds; 5
squirrels ... catfish thirteen and one-half inches in length
... small-mouth black bass [eleven inches]."
Oklahoma: Force (1930:37) remarks that the moccasin "eats
bullfrogs ... but refuses leopard frogs." Trowbridge (1937:299)
writes: "several sun perch.... Another had eaten six catfish
six to ten inches long ... a water snake (_Natrix s.
transversa_) about 18 inches long ... frogs, mostly _Rana
sphenocephala_." Carpenter (1958:115) mentions "a juvenile
woodthrush.... Seven last instar cicadas ... a young
cottontail." According to Laughlin (1959:84), one moccasin
"contained the following items: 18 contour feathers of a duck,
probably a teal; one juvenile cooter turtle, _Pseudemys
floridana_; and a large mass of odd-looking unidentifiable
material. The other cottonmouth contained one juvenile pond
turtle, _Pseudemys scripta_...."
Texas: "... several ... feeding on frogs.... One ... found DOR
was found to contain a large catfish." (Guidry, 1953:54.)
Of 246 cottonmouths that I examined for food items, only 46 contained
prey in their digestive tracts. Almost all of the snakes examined were
museum specimens that had been collected at many places over a period of
about 40 years. It was not known how long each had been kept alive
before being preserved. Therefore it was impossible to determine what
proportion of any population of cottonmouths could be expected to
contain food. The food items were not analyzed numerically because the
scales and hair, by means of which many food items in the intestine were
identified, yielded no clue as to the number of individuals actually
present unless several distinct kinds were found. Each occurrence of
scales or hair was thus recorded as a single individual, although some
such occurrences may have represented more than one animal. The contents
of some stomachs were so well digested that it was difficult to
determine the number of items present. As a rule only one food item was
present in a digestive tract, but a few tracts contained several items
of the same or different species. Three frogs (_Acris crepitans_) were
in one snake and three hylas (_Hyla versicolor_) in another. Still
another individual captured beside a drying pond contained six
individuals of _Lepomis_ each about three inches long and two pikes
(_Esox_) about six inches long.
TABLE 13.--Analysis of Food Items of 46 Cottonmouths Collected
in Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas (1922-1962).
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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