Natural History of the Ornate Box Turtle, Terrapene ornata ornata AgassizLegler, John M.
Science
Natural History of the Ornate Box Turtle, Terrapene ornata ornata Agassiz
Legler, John M.
Ornate box turtle
The corpus luteum of oviparous reptiles seems to be closely associated
with the intrauterine life of the eggs and, in viviparous reptiles, it
may be an important factor in maintaining optimum gestational
environment; however, its functions in all reptiles are poorly
understood (Miller, 1948:200-201).
Information gleaned from records of gravid females and known dates of
nesting suggests that eggs are retained in the oviducts two to three
weeks before laying. Once they are ovulated, the eggs are exposed to
but few hazards until laid; counts of corpora lutea are an accurate
indication of the number of eggs laid. In the gravid females examined
by me, number of corpora lutea on the ovaries was equal, in all but
one instance, to the number of oviducal eggs. In the single instance
in which an extra corpus luteum was found, one egg had probably been
laid before the specimen was captured. The high incidence of
correspondence between counts of corpora lutea and counts of oviducal
eggs indicates also that _T. ornata_ deposits the entire complement of
oviducal eggs at one time, not singly or in smaller groups.
Extrauterine migration of ova, whereby eggs from one ovary pass into
the oviduct of the opposite side, is of common occurrence in _T.
ornata_ and is known to occur also in _T. carolina_, _Chrysemys
picta_, _Emydoidea blandingi_, _Pseudemys scripta_, _Cnemidophorus
sexlineatus_, and in several mammals (Legler, 1958). This ovular
migration may serve to redistribute eggs to the oviducts when the
ovaries are functioning at unequal rates.
The eggs acquire shells soon after they enter the oviducts. No
shell-less eggs were found in oviducts but several specimens of _T.
ornata_ had oviducal eggs, the thin, parchmentlike shells of which
lacked the outer calceous layer; in these specimens the corpora lutea
were fresh, probably not more than two days old. Eggs that had
remained in the oviducts longer had a calceous layer on the outside of
the shell. Eggs having incompletely developed shells were successfully
incubated in the laboratory. Cagle (1950:38) found shelled but
yolkless eggs in the oviducts of several _Pseudemys scripta_ but found
no yolkless eggs in nests. No yolkless eggs were found in specimens of
_T. ornata_ in the course of the present study.
The uterine portion of the oviducts becomes darkened (pale gray to
intense black) in the breeding season. Darkening of oviducts seemed to
coincide with the period when eggs were in the oviducts and it
persisted for a variable length of time after the eggs were laid.
Oviducts of immature females were ordinarily pale.
Nesting
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