Most of the western two thirds of the study area, comprising 124 acres, was open rolling prairie (hereafter referred to as "pasture") upon which beef-cattle were grazed (Pl. 16, Fig. 1; Pl. 17, Fig. 1; Pl. 18, Fig. 2). Rock fences (Pl. 17, Fig. 2) two to four feet high bordered the northern edge, southern edge, and one half of western edge of the pasture. A wagon track lead from a gate on the entry road, along the crest of the hill, to a gate in the southern fence. Except for the latter gate and for ocassional under-cut places in low areas, there were no openings in the rock fences through which box turtles could pass. A few trees--American Elm, Hackberry (_Celtis occidentalis_), Red Mulberry (_Morus rubra_), Osage Orange (_Maclura pomifera_), Black Cherry (_Prunus serotina_), Box-Elder (_Acer Negundo_), and Dogwood (_Cornus Drummondi_)--were scattered along fences at the borders of the pasture and in ravines. Larger trees in a small wooded creek-bed at the southwestern edge of the pasture were chiefly Cottonwood, American Elm, Red Mulberry, and Black Willow (_Salix nigra_). The only trees growing on the pasture itself were a few small Osage Orange, none of which bore fruit. Paths were worn along fences by cattle and in several places near the fence, usually beneath shade trees, there were large bare places where cattle congregated. Vegetation near paths and bare places was weedy and in some places there were tall stands of Smooth Sumac (_Rhus glabra_). Rich stands of prairie grasses occurred along the top of the hill in the pasture; bluestems (_Andropogon gerardi_, _A. scoparius_) were the dominant species and Switchgrass (_Panicum virgatum_) and Indian grass (_Sorghastrum nutans_) were scattered throughout. A number of small areas on top of the hill were moderately overgrazed, as indicated by mixture of native grasses with an association of shorter plants consisting chiefly of Ragweed (_Ambrosia artemisiifolia_ var. _elatior_), Mugwort (_Artemisia ludoviciana_), Japanese Chess (_Bromus japonicus_), and Asters (_Aster_ sp.). The upper parts of the hillsides were overgrazed moderately to heavily. Limestone rocks of various sizes were partly embedded in soil or lay loose at the surface. Depressions beneath rocks provided shelter for box turtles as well as for other small vertebrates. Native grasses were sparse in this area and gave way to Sideoats Grama (_Bouteloua curtipendula_), extensive patches of Smooth Sumac, and scattered colonies of Buckbrush.