Natural History of the Ornate Box Turtle, Terrapene ornata ornata Agassiz — John Shaqi
Natural History of the Ornate Box Turtle, Terrapene ornata ornata AgassizLegler, John M.
Science
Natural History of the Ornate Box Turtle, Terrapene ornata ornata Agassiz
Legler, John M.
Ornate box turtle
Tall grasses were dominant on the lower hillsides and small patches of
Slough grass (_Spartina pectinata_) grew in moist areas. Ravines
originated at small intermittent springs on the sides of the hill. The
banks of ravines were high and steep and more or less bare of
vegetation. High, dense stands of Slough grass grew at intermittent
springs and along the courses of ravines; sedges (_Carex_, sp.) grew
where small pools of water formed and created marshy conditions.
Prairie grasses along the tops of ravine embankments formed a narrow
overhanging canopy of vegetation that was accentuated in many places
where the sod was under-cut by erosion or by the activities of
burrowing animals (Pl. 18, Fig. 1). Box turtles frequently sought
shelter beneath this vegetational canopy or burrowed beneath the sod.
On the highest part of the pasture near the entry road several small
areas were nearly bare, presumably because of heavy overgrazing;
grasses (except for scattered clumps of _Bouteloua curtipendula_ and
_Setaria lutescens_) were absent and dominant vegetation consisted of
Buffalo-bur (_Solanum rostratum_), Blue Vervain (_Verbena hastata_),
Mullein (_Verbascum Thapsus_), Ragweed, Asters, and a few Prickly Pear
(_Opuntia humifusa_). Two small areas on the pasture completely lacked
vegetation; these may have been wallows or the sites of old
salt-licks.
Three shallow stock ponds, behind earthen dikes in ravines, were
present on the pasture. The pond near the farm buildings ("House
Pond") and that in the southwestern part of the pasture ("Far Pond")
were present when studies of box turtles were begun. The largest pond,
in a deep ravine in the northern part of the pasture, was constructed
in June, 1956, and became filled in approximately one month (Pls. 16
and 18). Pond embankments were chiefly bare of vegetation because of
trampling by cattle; in a few places at the edge of the water, or in
places too steep for cattle to walk, there were small patches of
weeds, sedges, and Slough Grass. The ponds contained some water at all
times of the year. The only vertebrates permanently inhabiting the
ponds in the course of my studies were Bullfrogs (_Rana catesbeiana_)
and Leopard frogs (_Rana pipiens_).
The three parts of the pasture in which studies were concentrated were
designated as separate subdivisions. The northwest corner area (28
acres) was triangular and bounded on two sides by rock fences and on
its third side by a deep ravine. The southern ravine area (17 acres)
constituted the part of the lower southern hillside drained by a
series of ravines. The house pond area (seven acres) surrounded "House
Pond." Habitat in these three subdivisions of the pasture was
especially favorable for box turtles.
Materials and Methods
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