Natural History of the Racer Coluber constrictor — John Shaqi
Natural History of the Racer Coluber constrictorFitch, Henry S. (Henry Sheldon)
Science
Natural History of the Racer Coluber constrictor
Fitch, Henry S. (Henry Sheldon)
Racer snake
For the eastern black racer (_C. c. constrictor_) the following food
items have been recorded: 1 robin (_Turdus migratorius_, Storer,
1839:226); 1 copperhead (_Agkistrodon contortrix_, Verrill,
1869:158); 1 weasel (_Mustela_ sp.--presumably the diminutive
_M. rixosa_--Atkinson, 1901:148); 3 undetermined mammals, 1 rabbit,
1 undetermined mouse, 7 voles (2 _Microtus_ sp., 4 _M. pennsylvanicus_,
1 _Clethrionomys gapperi_), 1 undetermined bird, 2 robin eggs, 2
garter snakes (_Thamnophis sirtalis_), 1 water snake (_Natrix
sipedon_), 1 grass snake (_Opheodrys vernalis_), 1 green frog (_Rana
clamitans_), 1 wood frog (_R. sylvatica_), 1 grasshopper (_Melanoplus
femur-rubrum_) 2 camel crickets (_Ceuthophilus_ sp.), 5 moths
(cecropia, regal, imperial), 4 beetles, 1 currant worm, 1 ichneumonid
wasp (_Nematus ribesii_), 1 currant worm (Surface, 1906:170); 1 ribbon
snake (_Thamnophis sauritus_, Ditmars, 1907:282); 3 snakes (1
_Liopeltis vernalis_, 1 _Storeria occipitomaculata_, 1 undetermined),
6 white-footed mice (1 _Peromyscus leucopus_, 5 _P. nuttalli_), 1 vole
(_Microtus pennsylvanicus_), 16 crickets (9 _Gryllus pennsylvanicus_,
4 _G. assimilis_, 2 _Miogryllus verticalis_, 1 _Nemobius fasciatus_),
2 grasshoppers (_Dissosteira_ sp.), 1 lepidopteran, 3 elaterid beetles
(Ortenburger, 1928:200). Richmond and Goin (1938:310) recorded
finding the stomach of a black racer crammed with June beetles
(_Phyllophaga_). Conant (1938:53) recorded a black racer from Ohio
that had a smaller individual of its own species in its stomach. The
smaller snake contained a caterpillar. Uhler, Cottam and Clark
(1939:34) found food in 16 of 34 black racers from Virginia. Mammals,
including a shrew (_Blarina brevicauda_), a mole, a flying squirrel
(_Glaucomys volans_), a microtine, and a mouse (_Peromyscus_ sp.) made
up 26 per cent, 2 worm snakes (_Carphophis amoenus_), 2 ring-necked
snakes (_Diadophis punctatus_), and 1 water snake (_Natrix sipedon_)
made up 25.6 per cent, 5 birds including a warbler and a sparrow, made
up 17.75 per cent; 2 frogs (_Rana_ sp.) made up 9.38 per cent, 1 fence
lizard (_Sceloporus undulatus_) made up 6.25 per cent, and insects,
including cicadas (_Tibicen_ sp.) and larval lepidopterans, made up
15.09 per cent. In Indiana, Minton (1944:457) examined 11
food-containing stomachs; there were rodents in six, snakes in five, a
tree frog in one, and insects (cicadas, large grasshoppers) in four,
and another black racer was found swallowing a small box turtle
(_Terrapene carolina_). In Maryland, McCauley (1945:75) examined eight
digestive tracts and recorded a shrew (_Blarina brevicauda_) in one,
an unidentified mammal in one, 2 small cicadas in one, 2 small
chickens in one, a fence lizard (_Sceloporus undulatus_) in one, and
frogs and toads (including _Hyla crucifer_) in one; a ninth snake had
eaten a half grown rat. In Connecticut, Finneran (1948:124) observed a
large black racer eating a 21-inch garter snake (_Thamnophis
sirtalis_).
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