Natural History of the Racer Coluber constrictorFitch, Henry S. (Henry Sheldon)
Science
Natural History of the Racer Coluber constrictor
Fitch, Henry S. (Henry Sheldon)
Racer snake
Food of the "buttermilk snake" (_C. c. anthicus_) is known only
through Clark's study (1949:249). In an unstated number of
examinations he found "mice" in 25, "rats" in five, lizards
(_Sceloporus undulatus_ and perhaps others) in eight, frogs (_Rana
pipiens_) in seven, and birds in three.
The food of _C. c. stejnegerianus_ is known only from the work of
Auffenberg (1949) but his sample was based on 206 racers that had
food, among the total of 291 recorded. Unfortunately, he did not
present actual numbers of the various prey animals, but divided the
food into seven categories and listed these as percentages. He did not
indicate whether the percentages represented volumes or numbers of
individual occurrences, and evidently there was some error in
computation since his combined percentages totalled 111. The
categories and their percentages were as follows: grasshoppers, 42.5;
crickets, 13.5; miscellaneous insects, .6; earless lizards
(_Holbrookia_ sp.), 40.1; scaly lizards (_Sceloporus_ sp.) 2.1; frogs
(_Rana_ sp.) 10.0; rodents, 2.2. Auffenberg divided his sample of
racers into five size classes, and showed that the smaller snakes fed
chiefly on insects whereas vertebrates were increasingly prominent in
the food of the larger snakes.
The food of _C. c. mormon_ is known chiefly through the work of
Ortenburger (1928:228) who cited instances of a skink (_Eumeces
skiltonianus_) and a young garter snake (_Thamnophis sirtalis_) being
eaten, and listed the following items from 24 stomachs that he
examined: 7 decticids, 8 acridids, 5 oedipines, 1 tryxaline, 6
_Melanoplus_ sp., 3 _M. mexicanus_, 2 _M. devastator_, 1 _M.
bivittatus_, 2 _Dissosteira carolina_, 1 _Chortophaga viridis_, 3
_Neduba carinata_, 3 _Trimerotropus_ sp., 7 _Hippiscus_ sp., 2
_Steiroxys_ sp., 3 _Canoula pellucida_, 2 _Stenopelmatus fuscus_, 2
_S. pictus_, 4 _Gryllus assimilis_, 4 _Ceuthophilus_ sp., 1
_Pristoceuthophilus pacificus_, 6 _Gammarotettix bilobatus_ and 2
cicada nymphs. Grinnell, Dixon and Linsdale (1930:149) found that one
of these racers had eaten a cricket. Fitch (1936:644) found another in
the act of swallowing an adult vole (_Microtus californicus_), and
recorded (1935:18) that two alligator lizards (_Gerrhonotus
multicarinatus_) were found in the stomach of still another. Woodbury
(1931:75) recorded that a racer from Utah had a sagebrush scaly lizard
(_Sceloporus graciosus_) in its stomach. Of the specimens examined in
the University of California Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, no. 17256
from the Mad River, Trinity County, California, had eaten an alligator
lizard (_Gerrhonotus coeruleus_), and no. 10120 from Yolla Bolly
Mountain in the same county had eaten a bird (unidentified) and a
Jerusalem cricket (_Stenopelmatus_ sp.).
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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