Experience in every province of science is the same as in this. Science
is not like a chain which snaps when only a single link proves to be
weak. It is like a tree, or, better still, like a forest, in which all
sorts of changes or ravages go on without causing the whole to pass out
of existence or cease to be active. The relations between the various
phenomena, once they become known, continue to exist as indestructible
components of all future science. It may come to pass, in fact, does
come to pass very frequently, that the form in which those relations
were first expressed prove to be imperfect, and that the relations
cannot be maintained quite generally. It turns out that they are
subjected to other influences which change them because they had been
unknown, and which could not have been taken into consideration at the
discovery and first formulation of these relations. But no matter what
changes science may undergo, a certain residue of that first knowledge
will remain and never be lost. In this sense, a truth that science has
once gained has life eternal, that is, it will exist as long as human
science exists.
Applying this general notion to our case, we have the following. How far
and how generally at any given time the relations of the various
phenomena are summed up in fixed forms, that is, in natural laws, will
depend upon the stage attained by each of the special sciences. But
since science has been in existence it has yielded a certain number of
such general laws, and these, though they have been filed down a good
deal in form and expression, and have undergone many corrections as to
the limits of their application, nevertheless have preserved their
essence, since they began their existence in the brains of human
investigators. The net of the relations of phenomena grows ever wider
and more diversified, but its chief features persist.
The same is true of an individual. No matter how limited the circle of
his knowledge, _it is a part of the great net, and therefore possesses
the quality by virtue of which the other parts readily join it as soon
as they reach the consciousness and knowledge of the individual_. The
man who thus enters the realm of science acquires advantages which may
be compared to those of a telephone in his residence. If he wishes to,
he may be connected with everybody else, though he will make extremely
limited use of his privilege, since he will try to reach only those with
whom he has personal relations. But once such relations have been
established, the possibility of telephone communication is
simultaneously and automatically established. Similarly, every bit of
knowledge that the individual appropriates will prove to be a regular
part of the central organization, the entire extent of which he can
never cover, though each individual part has been made accessible to
him, provided he wants to take cognizance of it.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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