The mere beginner in learning, therefore, when receiving the most
elementary instruction in school, or from his parents, or even from his
personal experiences in his surroundings, is grasping one or more
threads of the mighty net, and can grope his way farther along it in
order to draw an increasing area of it into his life and the field of
his activity. _And this net has the valuable, even precious quality of
being the same that joins the greatest and most comprehensive intellects
in mankind to one another._ The truths a man has once grasped he need
never learn afresh so far as their _actual content_ is concerned, though
not infrequently--especially in newer sciences--he may have to see the
_form_ of their presentation and generalization change. For this reason
it is of such especial importance for each individual from the first to
perceive these unalterable facts and realize that they are unalterable
and learn to distinguish them from the alterable forms of their
presentation. It is in this very regard that the incompleteness of human
knowledge is most clearly revealed. Time and again in the history of
science form has been taken for content, and necessary changes of
form--a merely practical question--have been confused with revolutionary
modifications of the content.
Thus, each presentation of a science has its natural philosophic
portion. In text-books, whether elementary or advanced, the chapter on
natural philosophy is found usually at the beginning of the book,
sometimes at the end, in the form of a "general introduction," or
"general summary." In the special works in which the latest advances of
science are made known by the investigators, the natural philosophic
portions are usually to be found in the form of theses, of principles,
which are not discussed, often not even explicitly stated, but upon the
acceptance of which depend all the special conclusions that are drawn,
in the case in hand, from the new facts or thoughts imparted. Whether at
the beginning or at the end of the book, these most general principles
do not quite occupy the place that befits them. If at the introduction
of the text-book, they are practically devoid of content, since the
facts they are meant to summarize are yet to be unfolded in the course
of the presentation. If at the end, they come too late, since they have
already been applied in numerous instances, though without reference to
their general nature. The best method is--and a good teacher always
employs this method, whether in the spoken or the written word--to let
the generalizations come whenever the individual facts imparted require
and justify them.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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