Neotropical Hylid Frogs, Genus SmiliscaDuellman, William Edward
Science
Neotropical Hylid Frogs, Genus Smilisca
Duellman, William Edward
Amphibians -- Central America; Frogs; Smilisca
In tadpoles having fully developed mouthparts the tooth-row formula of
2/3 is invariable, but the coloration is highly variable. The color and
pattern described above is about average. Some tadpoles are much
darker, such as those from 11 kilometers north of Vista Hermosa, Oaxaca,
(KU 87639-44), 3.5 kilometers east of Yokdzonot, Yucatan (KU 71720), and
4 kilometers west-southwest Puerto Juarez, Quintana Roo, Mexico (KU
71721), whereas others, notably from 17 kilometers northeast of
Juchatengo, Oaxaca, Mexico (KU 87645), are much paler and lack the dark
markings on the caudal musculature. The variation in intensity of
pigmentation possibly can be correlated with environmental conditions,
especially the amount of light. In general, tadpoles that were found in
open, sunlit pools are pallid by comparison with those from shaded
forest pools. These subjective comparisons were made with preserved
specimens; detailed comparative data on living tadpoles are not
available.
The relative length and depth of the tail are variable; in some
individuals the greatest depth of the tail is about at mid-length of the
tail, whereas in most specimens the tail is deepest at about one-third
its length. The length of the tail relative to the total length
is usually 58 to 64 per cent in tadpoles in stages 29 and 30 of
development. In some individuals the tail is about 70 per cent of the
total length. On the basis of the material examined, these variations in
proportions do not show geographical trends. Probably the proportions
are a reflection of crowding of the tadpoles in the pools where they are
developing or possibly due to water currents or other environmental
factors.
Stuart (1948:26) described and illustrated the tadpole of _Smilisca
baudini_ from Finca Chejel, Alta Verapaz, Guatemala. The description and
figures agree with ours, except that the first lower tooth row does not
have a sharp angle medially in Stuart's figure. He (1948:27) stated that
color in tadpoles from different localities probably varies with
soil color and turbidity of water. Maslin (1963:125) described and
illustrated tadpoles of _S. baudini_ from Piste, Yucatan, Mexico. These
specimens are heavily pigmented like specimens that we have examined
from the Yucatan Peninsula and from other places in the range of the
species. Maslin stated that the anal tube is median in the specimens
that he examined; we have not studied Maslin's specimens, but all
tadpoles of _Smilisca_ that we have examined have a dextral anal tube.
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