Neotropical Hylid Frogs, Genus SmiliscaDuellman, William Edward
Science
Neotropical Hylid Frogs, Genus Smilisca
Duellman, William Edward
Amphibians -- Central America; Frogs; Smilisca
The rather striking differences in size among certain samples and the
minor differences in proportions among other samples show no geographic
trends. Instead, the variations apparently are random among the samples.
The data presented here possibly are the results of inadequate sampling,
but more likely reflect actual differences in the populations.
The dorsal ground color of _Smilisca phaeota_ is pale green to tan; the
venter is creamy white. The dorsum is variously marked with dark
olive-green or dark brown spots or blotches (Pl. 6C). A dark
interorbital bar is usually present. Usually a large dark dorsal mark
extends from the occiput to the sacral region, but in many individuals
this blotch is replaced by two or three dark marks. The dorsal markings
are irregular in shape and do not tend to form transverse bands or
longitudinal bars. The hind limbs are marked by dark transverse bands,
usually four or five on the thigh, five or six on the shank, and four on
the tarsus. Two or three narrow bands are usually present on the
proximal part of the fourth toe. The webbing on the feet is brown. The
loreal region is pale green, bordered above by a narrow dark brown
canthal stripe extending from the nostril to the orbit. The upper lip is
silvery white. A broad dark brown or black mark extends posteriorly from
the orbit, encompassing the tympanum, to a point above the insertion of
the forelimb. The flanks are pale green or pale tan and marked with a
fine dark brown or black venation. The anterior surfaces of the thighs
usually are pale brown or grayish tan, sometimes having small,
indistinct darker flecks. The posterior surfaces of the thighs are
similarly colored, but in most specimens small but distinct dark flecks
are present; in some specimens small cream-colored spots are also
present on the posterior surfaces of the thighs. A distinct, narrow
creamy white anal stripe usually is present. A distinct white stripe is
present on the outer edge of the tarsus and fifth toe; on the tarsus the
white stripe is bordered below by dark brown. A white stripe also is
present on the outer edge of the forearm and fourth finger. In breeding
males the throat is dark gray.
Little geographic variation in color or pattern is evident. Few, if any,
specimens from the Pacific lowlands of South America are green in life.
(We have seen no living individuals from South America.) Some living
individuals from Costa Rica and all those seen alive from Nicaragua have
a tint of pale blue on the flanks. In some specimens the dorsal pattern
is so faint as to be barely discernible, whereas in most specimens the
pattern is bold.
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