The total cycle of energy from the start of storage to the end
of liberation of energy, starting once more with the storing
of energy, may be regarded as the cycles of organic functional
activity which is classified under metabolism. We deal here with a
reservoir of vital energy whose life activities or reactions depend
on the amount of energy contained in the cell or the neuron, and
whose functioning and reactions vary with the level of energy in
the reservoir.
The neuron is but a highly differentiated cell or reservoir for
the intake and outgo of energy. In this respect the nerve cell
is entirely like other cells of humbler function. Every cell is
a storage cell, accumulating energy and then liberating it at an
appropriate occasion of a given stimulus, all cells working for
the preservation of the organism as a whole. The rise and fall
of the level of energy in the reservoir regulate the various
manifestations, sensory, motor, emotional, mental which the
individual displays to the various stimulations coming from his
environment.
Within certain limits the fall of energy is normal,--when it
reaches a certain level the organism once more replenishes the
store and once more the level of energy rises. This energy is
_Dynamic_ under certain conditions. However, the discharge of
energy must go on, and the organism must draw further on its store
of energy, on the accumulated store of energy put away for safety
and emergency. This stored up energy is _Reserve Energy_.[16]
The late Charles S. Minot, the American histologist, points out
this reserve energy present in the organism, a reserve energy of
growth called forth under special emergencies of life.
By a striking series of instructive facts, Dr. Meltzer points
out that “all organs of the body are built on the plan of
superabundance of structure and energy.” Like Minot, Meltzer refers
to the significant fact that most of our active organs possess a
great surplus of functioning cells. This surplus is requisite for
the safety of the individual.
If, however, the drain of energy still goes on without replenishing
the total store, the energy drawn on the region of the danger zone
is entered. _This energy is Static._ The concomitant symptoms
are various psychomotor and psycho-secretory disturbances of a
psychopathic or psycho-neurotic character. This energy is drawn
from the upper levels of energy. Under such conditions restitution
of the total amount of energy to its normal level is still possible.
Should the process of liberation of energy go on further without
restitution, the energy drawn is taken from the lower levels of
static energy, and the symptoms are _functional_, _neuropathic_.
The lower-most levels of static energy are the last the cell can
dispense with to save itself from total destruction. With further
increase of discharge of energy the cell must give its very life
activity, the energy is drawn from the breaking up of cell tissue;
this energy is organic or necrotic.
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