We do not forget that we are dealing with the shell of a hollow sphere,
not with a ring, or section of a cylinder, and we can conceive that
there would be, from the first, partial motions of translation in
multitudes of directions, radial, angular, transverse, etc. etc.,
constantly changing, even being sometimes reversed, but also constantly
combining with each other, and gradually leading on to decided, though
partial, uniformity in one direction. As a matter of course this
motion of translation would be controlled by its own constituent parts
attracting each other to some extent, and thus a rotary motion would
be established in the interior of the nebula in the region of greatest
density. We can also conceive that when the motions of translation
had become nearly uniform, the plane of that uniform motion might be
in any direction through the whole mass of the nebula, and might be
continually varying until final uniformity was attained, when the
greater part of the mass was moving in combination, and the rotation
was thereby firmly established in one direction, though still not
embracing the whole.
We have to take into account also that when the rotary movement had
settled down into one plane, it would be most active at the distance
of the region of greatest density of the nebula from its centre; in
fact it would be instituted at that region and be, therefore, most
active there; and then the most active part of the matter would be in
the form of a rotating ring, still surrounded by an immense mass of
nebulous matter, both inwards and outwards, to which it would gradually
communicate its own motion, until the whole mass would rotate, in one
direction, on an axis. But it is evident that in the whole rotating
mass there would be different degrees of velocity of rotation at
different places, decreasing from the supposed ring inwards towards
the centre, and outwards to the surface at what would thus become the
equatorial region; and also decreasing from the equatorial plane to
the poles. Following up this idea, we have a more reasonable manner of
accounting for the different velocities of rotation observed on the
surface of the sun, between the equator and the poles, than we have
seen suggested in any speculations on the cause that have come under
our observation. Until rotation was fully instituted, the areolar law
could have no power over the multitudinous movements going on in the
nebula, but from that time it would begin to act, and condensation
would increase it at the region where it began; and as all increase had
to be propagated from there, inwards, outwards, and in all directions,
the differences in velocity of rotation throughout the sun must endure
as long as he continues to contract. In this we find an immense field
for producing heat in the sun, from the eternal churning which must be
going on in the interior.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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