TO Hull-House AND its Neighbors PREFATORY NOTE These studies in the gradual development of the moral substitutes for war have been made in the industrial quarter of a cosmopolitan city where the morality exhibits marked social and international aspects. Parts of two chapters have been published before in the form of addresses, and two others as articles in the _North American Review_ and in the _American Journal of Sociology_. All of them however are held together by a conviction that has been maturing through many years. Hull-House, Chicago. CONTENTS CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Newer ideals of peace are dynamic; if made operative will do away with war as a natural process 3 Of the older ideals the appeal to pity is dogmatic 4 The appeal to the sense of prudence also dogmatic and at this moment seems impotent 5 Outlook for universal peace by international arbitration 6 Primitive and profound impulses operate against impulse to war 8 Appeal to pity and prudence unnecessary if the cosmopolitan interest in human affairs is utilized 9 Social morality originates in social affections 11 Emotion determines social relations in the poorer quarters of a cosmopolitan city 13 New immigrants develop phenomenal powers of association 14 Their ideal of government includes kindliness as well as protection 15 Crowded city quarters the focal point of governmental progress 16 Life at these points must shape itself with reference to the demands of social justice 17 Simple foundations laid there for an international order 18 Ideals formed “in the depth of anonymous life” make for realization 20 Impulses toward compassionate conduct imperative 21 The internationalism of good will foreseen by the philosopher 23 A quickening concern for human welfare; international aspects illustrated by world-wide efforts to eradicate tuberculosis, first signs of the substitution of nurture for warfare 25