Niebuhr's lectures on Roman history, Vol. 1 (of 3)Niebuhr, Barthold Georg
History
Niebuhr's lectures on Roman history, Vol. 1 (of 3)
Niebuhr, Barthold Georg
Rome -- History
Romulus found the band which he had with him much too small. To the
numbers of three thousand foot and three hundred horsemen, which Livy
got from the _Commentarii Pontificum_, no regard should be given; for
this is merely the sketch of the later Roman military array, dated
back to the earliest times. According to the old tradition, his little
troop was too small for him, and he opened an asylum on the Capitol.
This asylum, according to the old description, only took in a very
small space; a proof that these things were not at all understood as
history. Therein were all sorts of people gathered together,--thieves,
murderers, in short, rogues and vagabonds. This is the simple account
of the way in which clientship began. In the bitterness with which
the different classes afterwards regarded each other, this has been
applied to the Patricians, as though their earliest ancestors had been
scoundrels. But the Patricians would naturally be deemed descendants
of the free companions of Romulus. Those who took refuge there are men
who placed themselves as dependants under the protection of the really
free citizens. But wives were now wanting to them, and they tried to
get the right of intermarriage (_connubium_) with the neighbouring
towns; especially perhaps with Antemnæ, which was only four (Roman)
miles distant from Rome, with the Sabines and others. This was refused.
Romulus, therefore, had recourse to stratagem: he gave out that he had
discovered the altar of Consus, the god of counsel, an allegory to
denote his usual craftiness. In the midst of the festival, the Sabine
maidens were carried away, thirty in number; for this is the genuine
old tradition, a proof how small people pictured to themselves old Rome
to have been. From these the Curies received their names. Afterwards
the number was found to be too little; and it was cunningly made out
that these thirty had been chosen by the drawing of lots to give their
names to the Curies, and Valerius Antias fixes the numbers of those who
were carried off at five hundred and twenty-seven. The Rape is placed
in the fourth month of the city, because the Consualia were kept in
August, and the festival in commemoration of the foundation of the city
in April; afterwards it was made four years later, as by Cn. Gellius,
and Dionysius finds this much more worthy of belief. Wars arise from
it; first with the neighbouring towns, which yielded one after the
other; at last with the Sabines. There is no trace in the old tradition
of the latter having been carried on to any length; yet in later times
it was necessary to assume it, because another standard was then
adopted. Lucumo and Cælius march forth to join Romulus, an allusion
to the inroad of Cæles Vibenna, which, however, took place much later.
Tatius, by means of treason, gains a settlement on the hill which was
called the Tarpeian stronghold. Between the Palatine and the Tarpeian
rock an indecisive battle is fought, until at length the Sabine women
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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