Niebuhr's lectures on Roman history, Vol. 1 (of 3)Niebuhr, Barthold Georg
History
Niebuhr's lectures on Roman history, Vol. 1 (of 3)
Niebuhr, Barthold Georg
Rome -- History
Ancus is succeeded by Tarquinius Priscus, who is represented as a half
Etruscan, son of an Etruscan woman and of Damaratus. The latter is said
to have been a Bacchiades, who in the revolution of Cypselus had left
Corinth with great treasures, and emigrated to Tarquinii. His heir
was his son Lucius Tarquinius, as an elder son, Aruns, had previously
died, leaving behind him a wife whom the father did not know to be
with child. This account is very generally believed, because Polybius,
though a Greek, mentions Tarquin as a son of Damaratus, and because the
time corresponds. Yet this is after all merely an illusion. The whole
agreement hinges upon the correctness of our chronological dates of the
Roman kings, according to which Tarquinius Priscus ascended the throne
in the year of the city 132; but if we must place him at a later time,
the story of Damaratus and Cypselus, which pretty certainly belongs to
the thirtieth Olympiad, falls at once to the ground. Now it has already
been remarked in the general review of the sources of Roman history,
that all the old annalists, with the single exception of subtle Piso,
have never doubted but that Tarquin the Proud was the son of Tarquinius
Priscus; and consequently the date assigned for the latter must be
altogether incorrect. And therefore the connexion with Damaratus
becomes impossible.
Damaratus belongs to the old tradition about the connexion between
Greece and Etruria, and of the civilization which came from Greece
to Etruria. As Evander did to the Latins, so does Damaratus bring
the letters of Cadmus to the Etruscans, or Tyrrhenians; and he also
belongs, according to the most ancient Greek tradition, to equally
early times. The alleged connexion with Tarquinius Priscus arose from
the circumstance that the old legend speaks of Tarquinii as the place
where Damaratus settled. Of his descent as a Bacchiad, the tradition
certainly knew nothing: it was added by later historizing accounts,
which every where tried to keep up a sort of link with history. The
reason for referring Damaratus to Tarquinii was partly this, that
Tarquinii was an important town, and partly also that between Tarquinii
and Corinth there is a connexion not to be mistaken. Formerly the vases
and vessels found in Tuscany were taken for Etruscan; but afterwards
people most justly gave up that opinion, though they now believed
that such vases had never existed in ancient Etruria. But there have
been vessels dug up at Corneto which are perfectly similar to the
oldest Greek ones,--not to those which were formerly called Etruscan
but to the real Greek ones from the earliest times, especially to the
Corinthian ones which Dodwell has copied.[61] Fragments of the same
kind are only found there near the old Tarquinii. In all the rest
of Tuscany such a vessel has hardly been met with more than once or
twice; whilst in the north-eastern part of the country, near Arezzo
and Fiesole, the Arretinian vessels of baked red clay with embossed
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