Niebuhr's lectures on Roman history, Vol. 1 (of 3)Niebuhr, Barthold Georg
History
Niebuhr's lectures on Roman history, Vol. 1 (of 3)
Niebuhr, Barthold Georg
Rome -- History
Cincinnatus is one of those characters which have a very great name in
tradition, but of which the notices in history are scanty, and nearly
worthless. He occurs afterwards as a consul, and on that occasion
nothing more of any consequence is recorded. Striking facts are told of
him only in the Æquian war. There is a _prestige_ of wealth and also of
poverty about him: the latter shines forth especially in a rhetorical
age, when no one has a mind to be poor, and it seems so much the more
inconceivable if a great man is poor. We may leave the old account as
it is; but the enthusiasm which has arisen from it, is only foisted
into history. Perizonius has remarked, that the same story as that
of Cincinnatus was told of the dictator Atilius Serranus (_te sulco
Serrane serentem_), and therefore is quite apocryphal. He thinks that
in all likelihood it was made from the name (_Serranus_ from _serere_),
which was certainly older than the dictator Serranus. The story of
Cincinnatus is preserved in a poem on his dictatorship.
A Roman army under the consul Minucius was surrounded on the Algidus
by the Æquians; the senate, as is stated, then sent a deputation to
Cincinnatus, which found him ploughing his little farm of four _jugera_
beyond the river; he is said to have received the invitation of the
senate, and to have obeyed it with a bleeding heart, since he had still
the fate of his son before his mind. He then chose a brave but poor
patrician, L. Tarquitius, as his Master of the Horse; and gave orders
that all who were able to bear arms should present themselves, and that
each should bring with him twelve palisades, and provisions for five
days. In the night they accordingly set out, arrived on the following
morning, and formed the army in a line around the Æquian camp. The
consul broke through from within, and the Æquians, themselves enclosed
by a palisaded ditch, were obliged to surrender.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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