Niebuhr's lectures on Roman history, Vol. 1 (of 3)Niebuhr, Barthold Georg
History
Niebuhr's lectures on Roman history, Vol. 1 (of 3)
Niebuhr, Barthold Georg
Rome -- History
The whole story is quite as much a day dream, as any tale to be found
in the “Book of Heroes.” If the Roman army was in the middle, and round
it an Æquian one, and round that again another line of Romans, the
latter must have occupied a circuit of at least a league; so that the
Æquians could have broken through without any difficulty. Yet I will
not assert that this dictatorship of Cincinnatus is not historical at
all; although it is strange that afterwards a similar account occurs
at the siege of Ardea, and the same Clœlius Gracchus as a general in
it. Cincinnatus now exerts his power, to have Volscius, who had deposed
as a witness against Cæso Quinctius, banished; probably by the curies,
as the centuries had not as yet any judicial authority. At that time,
Cæso Quinctius was no more alive: it is likely that he had already
perished the year before on the following occasion, in which the spirit
of the age shows itself in its true light. When he had expatriated
himself, the tribunes remarked symptoms of a conspiracy among the
patrician youth, and had information that Cæso was in the town.
Moreover it is said that the city was surprised from the Carmental
gate, which was open, by a host of patrician clients, headed by the
Sabine Appius Herdonius who had come down the river in boats. But such
an enlistment of four thousand men must have been known at Rome, as
there was peace with the Sabines, and although the gate was to have
been open on account of a consecration, yet it surely was guarded by
double sentries; the enemy could not possibly have passed the Field of
Mars unheeded, and have occupied the Capitoline hill; the Clivus at
all events was closed. There must therefore have been treason here.
In the night people were awakened by the cry, that the enemy had got
hold of the Capitol; all who did not join the enemy were slain; the
slaves were called upon to unite with them. This of course excited
the greatest alarm and general misgiving. The plebeians thought that
it was a stratagem of the patricians, and that they had set on their
clients to take possession of the Capitol, as a means of intimidating
the plebeians; that the consuls would, as in a tumult, require them to
be sworn unconditionally, and would then avail themselves of the oath
to lead them to a place beyond the reach of the tribunician authority,
and demand of them the renunciation of their rights. The tribunes
therefore said that they could not allow the commonalty to take up
arms, before the laws were adopted. We may believe, notwithstanding,
that the government was altogether guiltless. It seems certain, that
there was a conspiracy, in which Cæso Quinctius had a share, and that
they had promised to make Appius Herdonius king. There may have been
here besides a conspiracy of the _Gentes Minores_; for one still finds
a great division between them and the _Majores_. When it was seen how
matters stood, the tribunes consented that the commonalty should take
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